刈割时期对蒙古黄芪地上部和根部产量及品质的影响  

Effects of Cutting Time on Yield and Quality of Aboveground and Roots of Astragalus membranaceus var.Mongholicus

作　　者：奥运 李晓杰 郝宁 吕艳敏 王俊杰 AO Yun;LI Xiao-jie;HAO Ning;LYU Yan-min;WANG Jun-jie(College of Grassland and Resources Environmental of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010019,China;Research Center of breeding engineering technology of Chinese and Mongolian medicinal materials in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010019,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学草原与资源环境学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019 [2]内蒙古自治区中蒙药材良种繁育工程技术研究中心,内蒙古呼和浩特010019

出　　处：《草地学报》2023年第10期3220-3226,共7页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：内蒙古科技重大专项“饲药两用道地蒙药材标准化种植产业体系研究”(zdzx2018049)资助。

摘　　要：为探讨不同刈割时期对蒙古黄芪(Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.var.mongholicus(Bge.)Hsiao)地上部和根部产量及品质的影响,本研究以二年生蒙古黄芪为材料,对3个不同时期刈割后蒙古黄芪地上部产量、再生速度、营养品质、根部产量和有效成分进行比较研究。结果表明:随着刈割时期的推迟,蒙古黄芪地上部产量和再生速度呈先上升后下降的趋势,在根茎伸长期达到最大值,鲜干比、粗蛋白含量、粗脂肪含量和相对饲喂价值逐渐降低;根部产量、比根长、根直径、主根直径变化率和毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷含量逐渐增加,在根茎增粗期达到最大值,黄芪甲苷含量在根茎伸长期达到最大值。根部产量与根直径和毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷含量呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05),与鲜干比呈显著负相关关系(P<0.05);黄芪甲苷含量与再生速度呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05);毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷含量与根直径呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01)。为实现饲药两用的最大效益化,刈割时期应选在根茎增粗期。In order to explore the effects of cutting time on yield and quality of aboveground and roots of Mongolian astragalus(Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.var.mongholicus(Bge.)Hsiao).The sophomore Mongolian astragalus was used as material in this research.The aboveground yield,regrowth rate,nutritional quality,medicinal material yield and effective components of Mongolian astragalus after cutting at three different cutting time were studied.The results showed that with the postponing of the cutting time,the aboveground yield and regrowth rate of Mongolian astragalus increased first and then decreased.They reached their maximum values during rhizome elongation.The ratio of fresh to dry mass,content of crude protein,content of ether extract and relative feed value decreased gradually.Root yield,specific root length,root width,rate of taproot diameter and Calycosin7-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside content all increased gradually,and all reached the maximum in the rhizome thickening stage.The content of Asteagaloside IV also reached the maximum in rhizome elongation stage.There was a significant positive correlation between root yield and root diameter and the content of Calycosin7-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside(P<0.05);further it was negatively correlated with the ratio of fresh to dry mass(P<0.05).The content of Asteagaloside IV was positively correlated with regrowth rate(P<0.05).The content of Calycosin7-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside was extremely positively correlated with root diameter(P<0.01).In order to obtaining a maximum benefit of both feeding and medicine,the cutting time should be selected at the rhizome thickening stage.

关 键 词：蒙古黄芪 刈割时期 地上部产量 营养品质 根部产量 有效成分 

分 类 号：S567.239[农业科学—中草药栽培]