现象学与思辨哲学之间——欧根·芬克的绝对者概念  

Between Phenomenology and Speculative Philosophy:Eugen Fink's Concept of"the Absolute"

作　　者：韩骁 Han Xiao

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学哲学院,北京100732 [2]中国社会科学院哲学研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（外国哲学）》2023年第10期80-94,共15页FOREIGN PHILOSOPHY

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“胡塞尔现象学哲学体系视角下的‘世界构造'问题研究”(项目号:21CZX048)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：第二代现象学家的代表人物之一芬克在《第六笛卡尔式沉思》中尝试将思辨哲学的要素引入现象学,同时借助现象学意义上的“绝对者”概念,描绘先验现象学的完整图景。一方面,绝对者作为现象学观察者,通过揭示先验主体性的世界构造进程和自身的先验处境,实现自我展开和自我认识;另一方面,绝对者也在描述现象学分析中不断触及直观被给予性的边界,并尝试通过建构现象学突破描述现象学的方法论限制。尽管芬克引入了思辨要素,但他并非在传统形而上学的意义上使用辩证法,而是仅用作展示性方法,同时严格依照发生现象学分析提供的法则和现象的本质必然性进行现象学建构。通过对于绝对者概念的阐释,芬克最终在先验现象学的框架内使描述现象学和建构现象学、先验唯心论与先验宇宙论实现了统一。Eugen Fink,one of the representatives of the second generation of phenomenologists,tried to introduce the elements of speculative philosophy into phenomenology in the Sixth Cartesian Meditation,and at the same time,with the help of the concept of"the Absolute"in the sense of phenomenology,described the complete picture of transcendental phenomenology.On the one hand,the Absolute,as the phenomenological observer,realizes its self-development and self-consciousness by revealing the construction process of the world of the transcendental subjectivity and its own transcendental situation;on the other hand,the Absolute also constantly touches the boundary of intuition being given in the analysis of descriptive phenomenology,and tries to break through the methodological limitations of descriptive phenomenology by constructive phenomenology.Although Fink introduced speculative elements,he did not use dialectics in the sense of traditional metaphysics,but used it only as a demonstrative method,and at the same time,his phenomenological construction was in strict accordance with the principles provided by the analysis of descriptive phenomenology and the essential necessity of phenomena.Through the interpretation of the concept of the Absolute,Fink finally unified descriptive phenomenology and constructive phenomenology as well as transcendental idealism and transcendental cosmology within the framework of transcendental phenomenology.

关 键 词：先验现象学 思辨哲学 绝对者 现象学观察者 建构现象学 

分 类 号：B516.59[哲学宗教—外国哲学]