基于堆积模型的物料运输车控制系统研究  

Research on Control System for Material Transport Vehicle Based onStacking Model

作　　者：刘沅明 唐凌思 曾树华[1] LIU Yuanming;TANG Lingsi;Zen Shuhua(Hunan Vocational College of Railway Technology,Zhuzhou,Hunan 412006,China;Hunan Chemical Vocational Technology College,Zhuzhou,Hunan 412000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南铁路科技职业技术学院,湖南株洲412006 [2]湖南化工职业技术学院,湖南株洲412000

出　　处：《控制与信息技术》2023年第5期55-61,共7页CONTROL AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

摘　　要：物料运输车作为铁路路基养护的重要设备之一,目前由于主要依赖人工观测与操作,自动化程度低,易受外部因素的影响,存在偏载、欠载或过载问题以及石渣掉落的安全隐患。为提高作业效率、保障装料质量并增强工作安全性,文章设计了一套物料运输车自动控制系统。其首先根据物料特性建立了堆积模型,能够准确预测物料分布,避免偏载问题;其次,采用嵌入式技术和超声波非接触检测技术,实时监测物料量,确保了装载量的准确性,避免了过载或欠载现象的发生,并引入无线通信技术,实现了数据的实时传输,使监控更加便捷;同时,为提高人机交互性,开发了基于LabVIEW的移动端人机交互系统,实现了物料运输车状态的远程监控,降低了操作员的工作强度;最后,为了优化控制性能,引入改进型PID (比例-积分-微分)控制算法,确保了控制的稳定性和精确性,同时降低了能耗,减少了机械磨损。现场作业试验结果显示,采用该控制系统后,物料运输车作业效率提高了50%以上,并减少了装载错误,大幅提升了工作安全性,证明了这套自动控制系统的有效性。Material transport vehicle is one of the most important equipment for maintaining of railway roadbed.However,due to manual observation and operation,coupled with a lack of automation,they are susceptible to external factors,including issues of partial load,underload or overload and safety hazards such as stone drop.This paper introduces an automatic control system for material transport vehicles,specifically designed to improve their working efficiency,ensure loading quality,and enhance work safety.Firstly,a stacking model was established according to material characteristics,enabling accurate prediction of material distribution to prevent partial loading.Secondly,the embedded technology and ultrasonic noncontact detection technology were employed to monitor the real-time material load,ensuring loading accuracy and preventing overload or underload..The designed system facilitates real-time data transmission based on wireless communication technology,which makes monitoring more convenient.To enhance man-machine interaction,a mobile system based on LabVIEW was developed,enabling remote monitoring of material transport vehicles,which contributes to reducing workload and intensity for operators.Finally,the control system was reinforced using an improved proportional-integral-differential(PID)control algorithm to optimize the control performance.This algorithm not only ensures control stability and accuracy,but also reduces energy consumption and mechanical wear.The effectiveness of the proposed automatic control system was proved by field operations.The results show an efficiency increase by more than 50%, a reduction in loading errors, and a significant improvement in work safety.

关 键 词：铁路路基 物料运输车 堆积模型 非接触检测 无线射频 

分 类 号：U216.6[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]