带宽、玉米密度对鲜食玉米鲜食大豆带状间作群体物质积累及产量的影响  

Effects of Bandwidth and Maize Density on Matter Accumulation and Yield of Fresh Corn and Soybean Strip Intercropping Population

作　　者：姬忠明 罗万宇 王小春[1] JI Zhongming;LUO Wanyu;WANG Xiaochun(College of Agronomy,Sichuan Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China,Ministry of Agriculture/Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System,Chengdu 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院/农业农村部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/四川省作物带状复合种植工程技术研究中心,成都611130

出　　处：《四川农业大学学报》2023年第5期791-800,共10页Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University

基　　金：新疆农机研发制造推广应用一体化项目(YTHSD2022-15);四川省科技计划项目(2021YFYZ0005)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确我国西南地区鲜食玉米与鲜食大豆带状间作高产高效带宽、玉米密度配置。【方法】以鲜食玉米鲜食大豆带状间作为对象,选择两个株高差异较大的鲜食玉米品种,在200、240 cm两个带宽下,2018年设置37500、45000和52500株/hm^(2)3个鲜食玉米密度水平。2019年优化密度水平,去掉最低密度,增加60000株/hm^(2),研究带宽、玉米密度对不同类型品种鲜食玉米鲜食大豆带状间作群体产量、物质积累等方面的影响。【结果】群体产量随鲜食玉米密度增加先增后减,其中,矮秆型间作群体在200 cm、52500株/hm^(2),240 cm、52500株/hm^(2),高秆型间作群体在200 cm、52500株/hm^(2),240 cm、45000株/hm^(2)配置下最高。随鲜食玉米密度增加,群体物质积累、鲜食玉米籽粒干物质分配比均在52500株/hm^(2)密度下达到最高,200 cm带宽下高秆型和矮秆型群体物质积累分别增加7.60%、6.24%,240 cm带宽下两品种分别增加5.33%、6.36%。相关分析结果表明,矮秆群体玉米有效穗数和大豆粒重是调节群体产量的关键因素,高秆群体则是玉米粒重和大豆粒重。【结论】两种不同类型的鲜食玉米与鲜食大豆带状间作,两种带宽下,最佳密度为45000~52500株/hm^(2),该密度下间作群体提高物质积累、向籽粒中的分配,进而提升群体产量。【Objective】This paper aims to clarify the configuration of high yield and high efficiency bandwidth and maize density of strip intercropping of fresh corn and fresh soybean in southwestern China.【Method】In this study,two fresh corn varieties with great difference in plant height were se⁃lected,and three fresh corn density levels of 37500,45000,52500 plants/hm^(2)were set under the bandwidth of 200 and 240 cm in 2018.In 2019,the density level was optimized by removing the lowest density and increasing 60000 plants/hm^(2).The effects of bandwidth and corn density on population yield and matter accumulation of different types of fresh corn and soybean strip intercropping were studied.【Result】With the increase of fresh corn density,the population yield increased at first and then de⁃creased.Among them,the dwarf type intercropping population reached the maximum at 200 cm,52500 plants/hm^(2)and 240 cm,52500 plant/hm^(2),and the tall culm type intercropping population was at 200 cm,52500 plants/hm^(2)and 240 cm,45000 plant/hm^(2).With the increase of fresh corn density,the population matter accumulation and grain dry matter distribution ratio of fresh corn reached the highest at the density of 52500 plants/hm^(2).Under 200 cm bandwidth,the matter accumulation of tall culm type and dwarf type increased by 7.60%and 6.24%respectively,while under 240 cm bandwidth,the two varieties increased by 5.33%and 6.36%,respectively.The results of correlation analysis indicated that the effective panicle number of maize and soybean grain weight were the key factors to regulate population yield in dwarf popu⁃lation,while they were corn grain weight and soybean grain weight in high stalk population.【Conclu⁃sion】In this banded intercropping population,under two different bandwidths,the best density of fresh corn is 45000~52500 plant/hm^(2).Under this density,the intercropping population increases material ac⁃cumulation,distribution to grains,and ultimately increases population yield.

关 键 词：鲜食大豆 鲜食玉米 带状间作 物质积累 群体产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]