若尔盖高寒草地植物黄酮、多酚含量季节性变化及其对高原鼠兔食性的影响  

Seasonal Changes of Flavonoids and Polyphenols Contents of Plants in Zoige Alpine Grassland of Ruoergai and Their Effects on Feeding Habits of Plateau Pika

作　　者：孙飞达[1] 张荞荞 霍霏 陈德炜 周俗 唐明坤[2] 杨廷勇 SUN Feida;ZHANG Qiaoqiao;HUO Fei;CHEN Dewei;ZHOU Su;TANG Mingkun;YANG Tingyong(College of Grassland Science and Technology,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China;Sichuan Academic of Forestry,Chengdu 610081,China;Ganzi Prefexture Grassland Working Station,Kangding 626000,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学草业科技学院,成都611130 [2]四川省林业科学研究院,成都610081 [3]甘孜州草原工作站,四川康定626000

出　　处：《四川农业大学学报》2023年第5期925-934,共10页Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32271775);四川省科技厅国际合作项目(20GJHZ0115);四川省林业和草原局项目(510201202109731)。

摘　　要：【目的】分析植物次生代谢物对高原鼠兔食性的影响,为明确草地啮齿动物采食策略及利用食性调控害鼠种群密度提供理论依据。【方法】于植物返青期(5月初)、生长旺盛期(8月初)和枯黄期(10月底)分别采集若尔盖高寒草地地上植物及高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)粪便样品,利用粪便显微组织学分析法确定高原鼠兔的季节性食性组成与地上植物黄酮、多酚含量的关系。【结果】在鼠类扰动草地中,高原鼠兔采食植物物种占总物种的40%,其中,垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)、克氏针茅(Stipa krylovii)、草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)和鹅绒委陵菜(Potentilla anserina)在每个季节的食物选择指数均达到喜食标准(PI>1.0),是高原鼠兔的优选食物。高原鼠兔在生长旺盛期采食多样性减小,禾本科植物采食占比达65.46%;枯黄期食性泛化,且植物黄酮、多酚可抑制高原鼠兔采食,当植物多酚含量>13 g/kg时,高原鼠兔的采食量会减少。【结论】在鼠荒地植被改良及综合治理过程中,采用多物种混播模式提高物种多样性,同时选择黄酮、多酚含量高的植物来降低高原鼠兔种群数量。【Objective】The effects of plant secondary metabolites on the feeding habits of plateau pika were analyzed to provide a theoretical basis for determining the feeding strategies of grassland rodents and using feeding habits to control pest rodent population density.【Method】The samples of above-ground plants and plateau pika fecal samples were collected from Zoige alpine grassland during the green-up pe⁃riod(in early May),vigorous growth period(in early August)and withered period(in late October).The relationships between the seasonal feeding composition of plateau pika and the content of flavonoids and polyphenols in above-ground plants were determined by fecal micro-histological analysis.【Result】In rodent-disturbed grasslands,Plant-feeding species account for 40%of total species in plateau pikas.Among them,four species with Elymus nutans,Stipa krylovii,Poa pratensis and Potentilla anserina were satisfied with the food preference standard(PI>1.0),were the preference selection for plateau pika in each season.The feeding diversity of plateau pika decreased during the vigorous growth period,and gra⁃mineous plants accounted for 65.46%;the dietary generalization was observed during the wilting period,and plant flavonoids and polyphenols contents could inhibit the feeding of plateau pika.Whenever,the content of plant polyphenols was higher than 13 g/kg,the feeding of plateau pika would be decreased.【Conclusion】Therefore,plateau pika population would be decreased via by using a multi-species mix⁃ture sowing plants to improve species diversity as much as possible with higher contents of flavonoids and polyphenols in the process of vegetation improvement and comprehensive management in rodent waste⁃land.

关 键 词：高原鼠兔 食性 黄酮 多酚 

分 类 号：S812.6[农业科学—草业科学]