研究型大学非重点学科何以发展——基于“高位嫁接”的分析视角  

How to Develop Non-key Disciplines for Research Universities:Based on the Perspective of“High-level Grafting”

作　　者：解德渤 马萌迪 XIE Debo;MA Mengdi(Institute of Higher Education,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China;Songlin Primary School,Dalian Economic and Technological Development Zone,Dalian 116000,China)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学高等教育研究院,大连116024 [2]大连市经济技术开发区松林小学,大连116000

出　　处：《重庆高教研究》2023年第6期9-19,共11页Chongqing Higher Education Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金教育学青年课题“中国大学学科建设的历史考察与实践机制研究(1949-2019)”(CIA190277)。

摘　　要：在“双一流”建设背景下,研究型大学将学科建设的注意力聚焦于重点学科,非重点学科的生存权和发展权遇到挑战。如何变“大树底下不长草”为“大树底下好乘凉”,是研究型大学非重点学科建设必须思考并付诸行动的现实课题。非重点学科在各种因素驱动下容易形成一种借助优势学科力量发展自我的非正式学科建设机制——高位嫁接。从学校学科地位和整体学科实力的角度考察,高位嫁接适用于“边缘—强势”“边缘—弱势”“中心—弱势”3种不同情形的非重点学科,这是学科建设主体在特定情境下做出的暂时性和策略性选择。非重点学科的高位嫁接策略包括知识嫁接、制度嫁接、人员嫁接和项目嫁接,4种方式各有利弊。知识嫁接可从根本上改善学科境遇,但周期长、见效慢、回报率较低;制度嫁接结构稳定,但依赖关系过强、学科自主性较弱;人员嫁接成效明显,但嫁接标准高、可控性较低;项目嫁接灵活机动,但嫁接关系不稳定、可持续性较差。由此,匹配适切的嫁接对象、选择合理的嫁接方式、把握恰当的嫁接时机、开展有效的嫁接管理,是非重点学科高位嫁接防控风险的基本路径。Under the background of“Double-First-Class”construction,research universities focus on key disciplines,while the survival and development of non-key disciplines is being challenged.How to change“no grass growing under big trees”into“big trees offering good shade”is a practical topic to be constantly thought about and put into action for non-key disciplines in research universities.Driven by various factors,some non-key disciplines have formed an informal discipline construction mechanism—“high-level grafting”,which is used for developing non-key disciplines with the help of superior discipline strength.From the perspective of university discipline status and overall discipline strength,the strategy is applicable to three different situations of non-key disciplines:“strong discipline on the edge”,“weak discipline on the edge”,“weak discipline in the center”,which is temporary and strategic choice made by disciplines construction subjects under specific circumstances.The high-level grafting in discipline construction includes knowledge grafting,system grafting,personnel grafting and project grafting,which have their own advantages and disadvantages.Knowledge grafting can fundamentally improve the situation of the discipline,but the period is long,the effect is slow,and the rate of return is low.The structure of system grafting is stable,but the dependence is too strong,and the discipline autonomy is weak.The effect of personnel grafting is obvious,but the grafting standard is high,the controllability is low.Project grafting is flexible,but the grafting relationship is unstable and the sustainability is poor.Therefore,matching the suitable grafting object,choosing the reasonable grafting method,grasping the proper grafting opportunity and carrying out the effective grafting management are the basic paths of risk prevention and control in the process of high-level grafting for non-key disciplines.

关 键 词：高位嫁接 学科嫁接 学科建设 非重点学科 研究型大学 

分 类 号：G640[文化科学—高等教育学]