“学业文化资本”的彰显与式微:精英大学农村第一代大学生的求学历程  

The Manifestation and Decline of Academic Cultural Capital:The Educational Experience of the First Generation Rural College Students in Elite Universities

作　　者：王兆鑫 陈彬莉[2] 王曦影 WANG Zhaoxin;CHEN Binli;WANG Xiying(College of International Education and Social Development,Zhejiang Normal University,Jinhua 321004,China;School of Social Development and Public Policy,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Faculty of Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学国际文化与社会发展学院,金华321004 [2]北京师范大学社会发展与公共政策学院,北京100875 [3]北京师范大学教育学部,北京100875

出　　处：《重庆高教研究》2023年第6期31-42,共12页Chongqing Higher Education Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目:“县域义务教育优质均衡本土化实践模式研究”(23CSH042)。

摘　　要：21世纪以来,中国高等教育的快速扩张帮助更多的农村家庭子女进入大学,这一群体在基础教育阶段的“成功崛起”和在高等教育阶段的“融入困境”成为学术界关注的议题。文章以一位由贫困山区考入精英大学的女生“小蝶”的求学历程为研究对象,考察其在基础教育阶段取得教育“成功”的突围机制和在高等教育阶段面临困境的原因,以及不同教育场域中“成功”与“困境”背后的关联性。研究发现,“读书”是帮助农村女性成功击破“底层社会再生的聚拢力”、实现向上流动的重要途径。这是因为,基础教育阶段以“学业文化资本”为主的选拔标准与评估制度,在一定程度上抑制了家庭背景以及精英型文化对个体教育成就的决定性作用,为具备“亲学校文化”的农村子女提供了通过读书实现阶层突围的制度性保障。与基础教育阶段不同的是,精英大学场域中的主导文化是精英型文化,学生的出身以及出身背后习得的“精英型文化资本”的质量对个体的影响在该阶段开始凸显,先前“学业文化资本”对个体的功能被削弱。此时,文化再生产开始发挥作用,对不具备精英型文化资本的农村子女启动排斥机制,导致像“小蝶”这样的农村学生在精英大学中面临多重困境。文化再生产理论在中国情境中“失效”,是因为对进入精英大学的农村学生而言,文化再生产并非不存在,也没有被他们打败,它只是推迟了对农村学生启动排斥与淘汰机制的时间。实际上,在基础教育与高等教育两个场域中,主导文化资本类型的差异导致了“寒门贵子”不同的生命境遇。Since the 21st century,the rapid expansion of China’s higher education has helped more children from rural families enter universities.The“successful rise”of the group in the primary education stage and the“integration dilemma”in the higher education have become the heated topic in the academic circle.Taking the study experience of“Xiaodie”as the research object,a female student who is admitted to a prestigious university from a poor mountainous area,an investigation was made on the mechanism of breakthrongh for achieving educational success in the elementary education stage and the reasons for facing difficulties in the higher education stage,as well as the correlation between“success”and“difficulties”in different educational fields.The study found that“receiving education”is the important way to help rural women successfully break the“gathering force of the regeneration of the underclass”and realize upward social mobility.This is because the selection criteria and evaluation system based on“academic cultural capital”in the primary education stage,to some extent,inhibits the decisive significance of family background and elite culture on individual educational achievement,and provides institutional guarantee for rural children with“pro-school culture”to break through the class through studying.Different from the stage of primary education,the dominant culture in the field of elite universities is elite culture.In the stage,the influence of students’family background and the quality of elite cultural capital from that on individuals begins to become prominent,and accordingly the previous function of academic cultural capital on individuals is weakened.At this time,cultural reproduction begins to play the role,which starts the exclusion mechanism for rural children who do not possess elite cultural capital,resulting in rural students like Xiaodie facing multiple dilemmas of integrating into elite universities.the cultural reproduction theory failed in the Chinese context,bec

关 键 词：农村户籍 女性 学业文化资本 第一代大学生 场域 

分 类 号：G640[文化科学—高等教育学]