法人类学视域下中国现代公司法乡土性的变迁  

The Local Change of Chinese Modern Company Law under the Perspective of Legal Anthropology

作　　者：薛前强 XUE Qian-qiang(Law School of Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学法学院,北京100081

出　　处：《中央民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第4期89-102,共14页Journal of Minzu University of China(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：司法部2021年度法治建设与法学理论研究部级科研项目“后疫情时代公司应急治理法律问题研究”(项目编号:21SFB4050)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：乡镇企业为中国地方企业类型,是诞生于农村的非法定商事企业,在资本运行、成员资格、治理方式、组织结构多个层面与现代公司有着类同性,形成一套具有中国特色的企业治理地方知识体系并创造出“中国奇迹”。凝聚在乡镇企业上的社会实践和经济实践,发挥着“先公司法”的规制作用,形构出一种“乡村公司法”现象。但这在中国1993年现代公司法制定过程中没有得到应有重视,结果导致中国现代公司法片面强调现代化、国际化接轨而剥离所处的田野与乡土,丢失从社队企业到乡镇企业确立、传习的“轻所有重经营”“党政嵌入”的企业运营经验,忽视以“关系”为代表的非法律治理习规/文化对代理成本的自我调控及以共同富裕为功能要素的企业身份基因延续。在经济实力和立法水平逐步提高的双重作用下,中国公司法正积极做返乡运动,对地方性知识的尊重自然成为未来公司法改革的应然理路。这就需要在公司经营规则层面回归灵活主义和董事会中心主义;在公司身份规则层面以企业类型功能主义立法改造现有二分模式,对公司目标规则进行多元主义改进,强化公司行为、董事决策的社会因素信息披露;在公司治理规则层面应尊重本土习惯与文化传统,借用政治结构并实现党政参与,尊重关系维持,强化代理问题外部发现和内部柔性解决机制。Township enterprises are non-legal commercial enterprises emerged in rural areas.They are similar with modern companies in terms of capital operation,membership qualification,governance model and organizational structure,forming a set of local knowledge system of corporate governance with Chinese characteristics and creating a “Chinese miracle”.The social practice and economic practice conveyed by township enterprises play the regulatory role of “pre-company law ”,and form a phenomenon of “rural company law”.However,this did not get deserved attention in the formulation process of China's modern company law in China in 1993.As a result,China's modern company law unilaterally emphasizes the modernization and internationalization while ignores the local field and rural background,loses enterprise operation experience of “emphasizing on operation while overlooking property” and “being party and government embedded”.Also it ignores the self-regulation of agency cost by non-legal governance rules(culture)represented by “relationship” and the continuation of corporate identity with common prosperity as the functional element.Under the dual role of the gradual improvement of the strength of the economy and the legislative level,China's company law is actively undergoing a movement of rural returning,and the respect for local knowledge naturally would become the rational way for the future corporate law reform.This requires a return to flexibility and board centrality at the level of company operating rules;at the level of company identity rules,the existing dichotomy mode is transformed by enterprise type functional legislation;improve the corporate target rules with pluralism,and strengthen the information disclosure of social factors of company activities and directors' decision-making;at the level of company governance rules,local habits and cultural traditions should be respected,the political structure should be referred to and the party and government participation should be realized,the re

关 键 词：现代公司法 乡镇企业 乡土性 地方性知识 

分 类 号：C912.4[经济管理]