Radiation protection measures during endourological therapies  

作　　者：Lazaros Tzelves Patrick Juliebø-Jones Ioannis Manolitsis Themistoklis Bellos Ioannis Mykoniatis Marinos Berdempes Titos Markopoulosa Michael Lardas Belthangady M.Zeeshan Hameed Panagiotis Angelopoulos Amelia Pietropaolo Bhaskar Somani Ioannis Varkarakis Andreas Skolarikos 

机构地区：[1]nd Department of Urology,National and Kapodistrian University of Athens,Sismanogleion Hospital,Athens,Greece [2]Young Academic Urologists(YAU),Urolithiasis&Endourology Working Party,6846 Arnhem,the Netherlands [3]Department of Urology,Haukeland University Hospital,N-5021 Bergen,Norway [4]Department of Urology,Faculty of Health Sciences,School of Medicine,Aristotle University of Thessaloniki,54124 Thessaloniki,Greece [5]Department of Urology,Kasturba Medical College Manipal,Manipal Academy of Higher Education,Manipal 576104,India [6]Department of Urology,University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust,Southampton,UK

出　　处：《Asian Journal of Urology》2023年第3期215-225,共11页亚洲泌尿外科杂志（英文）

摘　　要：Objective The objective of this narrative review was to search the existing literature for studies reporting measures to minimize radiation use during endoscopic management of stone disease and present ways of reducing the exposure of both patients and operating room staff.Methods A literature review in PubMed was performed to identify studies describing protocols or measures to reduce radiation received during endourological procedures from January 1970 to August 2022.Eligible studies were those that reported outcomes for ureteroscopy or percutaneous nephrolithotripsy regarding measures to minimize radiation doses used intraoperatively,performed either in real-life theatres or using phantoms.Both comparative and non-comparative studies were deemed eligible.Results Protection can be achieved initially at the level of diagnosis and follow-up of patients,which should be done following an algorithm and choice of more conservative imaging methods.Certain protocols,which follow principles for minimized fluoroscopy use should be implemented and urologists as well as operating room staff should be continuously trained regarding radiation damage and protection measures.Wearing protective lead equipment remains a cornerstone for personnel protection,while configuration of the operating room and adjusting X-ray machine settings can also significantly reduce radiation energy.Conclusion There are specific measures,which can be implemented to reduce radiation exposure.These include avoiding excessive use of computed tomography scans and X-rays during diagnosis and follow-up of urolithiasis patients.Intraoperative protocols with minimal fluoroscopy use can be employed.Staff training regarding dangers of radiation plays also a major role.Use and maintenance of protective equipment and setting up the operating room properly also serve towards this goal.Machine settings can be customized appropriately and finally continuously monitoring of exposure with dosimeters can be adopted.

关 键 词：ENDOUROLOGY RADIATION Fluoroless ureteroscopy Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy As low as reasonably achievable 

分 类 号：R730.55[医药卫生—肿瘤]