陇东黄土高原长富2号果园土壤营养状况及对果实品质的影响  

Soil nutrient status and its effect on fruit quality of Nagafu 2 orchard in Longdong Loess Plateau

作　　者：郭玉璞 马宗桓 范红年 李文芳 毛娟 陈佰鸿 GUO Yupu;MA Zonghuan;FAN Hongnian;LI Wenfang;MAO Juan;CHEN Baihong(College of Horticulture,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Ningxian Fruit Industry Development Center,Qingyang 745200,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学园艺学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]宁县果业发展中心,甘肃庆阳745200

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2023年第5期78-86,共9页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：甘肃省教育厅双一流重大科研项目(GSSYLXM-02);国家自然科学基金项目(31860530);甘肃省高等学校产业支持项目(2019C11)。

摘　　要：【目的】了解陇东黄土高原苹果园土壤营养状况及其对果实品质的影响。【方法】采集测定了庆阳地区12个长富2号果园的土壤样品及果实,并对土壤营养状况及果实品质进行测定,运用相关性分析和回归分析方法,探讨陇东黄土高原果园土壤营养状况以及果实品质对土壤养分的响应。【结果】庆阳地区果园土壤全氮平均值为4.03 g/kg,含量充足。土壤有机质、全钾平均值分别为14.40 g/kg、4.45 g/kg,含量较低,应及时补充有机肥、钾肥。土壤pH平均值为7.93,属弱碱性土壤。土壤含盐量为1.13~1.81 g/kg,平均值为1.52 g/kg。相关性分析表明,土壤有机质与葡萄糖、蔗糖、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖呈正相关。土壤全钾含量与单宁呈显著性负相关,与果糖、蔗糖、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖呈正相关。土壤全铜含量与蔗糖、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖均呈显著性负相关。【结论】庆阳地区土壤氮含量处于丰富水平,土壤有机质、全磷、全钾属低水平。土壤有机质主要影响果实中的可溶性固形物、可溶性糖含量,土壤全钾含量主要调控果实的中单宁、果糖。通过回归分析发现影响陇东黄土高原地区果实品质的土壤因子主要是土壤有机质、全钾含量,在果园管理栽培过程中应及时补充有机肥和钾肥。【Objective】To understand the soil nutrient status of apple orchards in the Loess Plateau of Eastern Gansu and its effect on fruit quality.【Method】Soil nutrition and fruit quality of 12 Nagafu 2 orchards in Qingyang area were collected and measured.The soil nutrition status of orchards in the Loess Plateau of Eastern Gansu and the response of fruit quality to soil nutrients were discussed using correlation analysis and regression analysis methods.【Result】The average value of total nitrogen in orchard soil in Qingyang area is 4.03 g/kg,which is sufficient.The average values of soil organic matter and total potassium are 14.40 g/kg and 4.45 g/kg respectively,which are low.Organic fertilizer and potassium fertilizer should be added in time.The average value of soil pH is 7.93,which belongings to weakly alkaline soil.Soil salt content is between 1.13 and 1.81 g/kg,with an average of 1.52 g/kg.Correlation analysis showed that soil organic matter was positively correlated with glucose,sucrose,soluble solids and soluble sugar.Soil total potassium content was significantly negatively correlated with tannin,and positively correlated with fructose,sucrose,soluble solids and soluble sugar.Soil total copper content was significantly negatively correlated with sucrose,soluble solids and soluble sugar.【Conclusion】The content of soil nitrogen in Qingyang area at the rich level,and the content of soil organic matter,total phosphorus and total potassium is low.Soil organic matter mainly affects the content of soluble solids and soluble sugar in fruits,and the content of soil total potassium mainly regulates tannin and fructose in fruits.Through regression analysis,it was found that the soil factors affecting fruit quality in Longdong Loess Plateau were mainly soil organic matter and total potassium content.Organic fertilizer and potassium fertilizer should be added in time in the process of orchard management and cultivation.

关 键 词：苹果 庆阳地区 长富2号 土壤营养 品质指标 

分 类 号：S154.1[农业科学—土壤学]