抗战大后方诗论建构的模式与演变——以艾青、朱光潜、黄药眠为中心  

The Models and Evolution of Poetic Theory Construction in the Rear Area during the China's Resistance War Against Japan:A Study Centered on Ai Qing,Zhu Guangqian and Huang Yaomian

作　　者：李圣传[1] LI Shengchuan(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100089,China)

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学文学院,北京100089

出　　处：《北京师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第5期85-93,共9页Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大研究专项“新时代中国特色美学基本理论问题研究”(18VXK010);国家留学基金委公派留学资助项目(No.202008110026)。

摘　　要：抗战大后方的诗论建构大体存在诗人、学者和革命家三条路径并交织形成各具典范性的诗学模式。这其中,艾青、朱光潜与黄药眠尤具典范意义。在欧洲现代派诗歌影响下,艾青凭诗人的经验对诗美、诗的形象、散文美及象征、联想等语言问题进行诗性传达,在以诗论诗中率先建构起感性诗学的诗论模式。朱光潜以学者的态度在中西互证中对意象、情趣、格律等基本理论问题进行系统探讨,在以理论诗中建构起理性诗学的诗论模式。久经马克思主义洗礼的革命理论家黄药眠则以时代论诗,关注文艺政治关系、诗人的战斗性并倡导诗的精神形式的意识形态功能,并在介入现实中建构起政治诗学的诗论模式。在诗学与政治间,这三种诗论模式与威廉·燕卜荪为代表的英美新批评在大后方形成理论呼应,不仅填补了战时本土诗论的空缺,构建起中国自主的诗论话语体系,还清晰凸显出抗战大后方诗论建构的形成、演变及其内外缘由。The construction of poetic theories in the rear area during the China's Resistance War Against Japan generally consists of three paths—poets,scholars and revolutionaries.They intertwined to form their respective exemplary poetic theory models.Among them,Ai Qing,Zhu Guangqian and Huang Yaomian are particularly exemplary in this aspect.Under the influence of European modernist poetry,based on his own experience as poet,Ai Qing conveyed poetic issues such as the beauty of poetry,the image of poetry,the beauty of prose,the symbol and the association,and took the lead in constructing the poetic theory model of perceptual poetics by discussing the matter of poetry in terms of poems.With the aesthetic attitude as a scholar,Zhu Guangqian systematically explored the basic theoretical issues such as imagery,feeling and rhythm in the mutual evidence between China and the West,and constructed the poetic model of rational poetics by discussing the matter of poetry in terms of theories.Huang Yaomian,a revolutionary theorist who had been baptized in Marxism for a long time,discussed the matter of poetry in terms of epoch,paid attention to the issues such as the relationship between literature and politics and the“militancy”of poets,advocated the ideological function of the spiritual form of poetry and constructed the poetic model of political poetics through the intervention of reality.Between poetics and politics,these three patterns,theoretically echoing the New Criticism represented by William Empson,not only filled the vacancy of native poetic theory during the war,but also clearly highlighted the formation,evolution and internal and external reasons for the construction of poetic theory in the rear area during the China's Resistance War Against Japan.

关 键 词：抗战大后方 诗论 感性诗学 理性诗学 政治诗学 新批评 

分 类 号：I206.6[文学—中国文学]