恢复年限对高寒金属矿山排土场植物多样性和土壤化学特性的影响  

Influence of Recovery Years on Plant Diversity and Soil Chemical Properties for Alpine Metal Mine Dumps

作　　者：庞景豪 梁燊 刘亚斌 李国荣[1,2] 朱海丽 胡夏嵩[1,2] 史兴萍 尚卿[3] 缪晓星 王延秀 Pang Jinghao;Liang Shen;Liu Yabin;Li Guorong;Zhu Haili;Hu Xiasong;Shi Xingping;Shang Qing;Miao Xiaoxing;Wang Yanxiu(Department of Geological Engineering,Qinghai University,Xining,Qinghai 810016,China;Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Resources and Environment on the Northern Edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,Xining,Qinghai 810016,China;Qinghai West Copper Industry Co.,Ltd,Guoluo,Qinghai 814000,China;Qinghai Soil and Water Conservation Research Center,Xining,Qinghai 810001,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学地质工程系,青海西宁810016 [2]青藏高原北缘新生代资源环境重点实验室,青海西宁810016 [3]青海威斯特铜业有限责任公司,青海果洛814000 [4]青海省水土保持中心,青海西宁810001

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2023年第4期110-120,共11页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：青海省自然科学基金项目“高寒矿山排土场边坡人工恢复植被演替规律及其护坡效应评价:以果洛德尔尼铜矿为例”(2021-ZJ-956Q)。

摘　　要：[目的]研究恢复年限对高寒金属矿山排土场植物多样性和土壤化学特性的影响,为深入探讨高寒矿山排土场植物演替趋势,优化高寒矿山排土场植物恢复工艺方法提供科学指导。[方法]以青海省果洛藏族自治州德尔尼铜矿恢复期为1~12 a范围内的10个矿山排土场边坡为研究对象,通过样方法调查排土场植物物种组成和多样性特性,并进一步调查土壤化学特性,明确了排土场Patrick丰富度指数等4个α植物多样性指数以及全氮等8个土壤化学特性指标与恢复年限的关系。[结果]随着恢复年限的增大,天然植物不断侵入,排土场植物的科、属、种数呈现出逐渐增加的趋势,各年限排土场物种组成和群落特征存在一定的差异性。排土场Patrick丰富度指数随着恢复年限的增大呈幂函数增长趋势;Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数随着恢复年限增大呈先增大后减小趋势,且均符合二次函数关系。随着排土场恢复年限的增大,土壤全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮和速效磷含量均呈先增大后减小趋势;速效钾和有机质含量呈幂函数增长趋势;pH值呈逐渐降低趋势。排土场植物4个多样性指数与土壤全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、速效钾和有机质含量呈不同程度的正相关关系,而与速效磷和pH值呈负相关关系。[结论]恢复期为12 a时,试验区排土场植物仍处于演替发展阶段,未达到稳定状态;排土场植物演替和土壤养分之间存在明显的相互作用;建议矿区排土场植物恢复选用高氮高磷低钾型缓释复合肥。[Objective]The effects of restoration years on plant diversity and soil chemical characteristics of alpine metal mine dumps were studied in order to provide scientific guidances for further exploring the plant succession trends and optimizing the plant restoration process of alpine mine dumps.[Methods]The study was conducted at the Delny copper mine,Guoluo Xizang Autonomous Prefecture,Qinghai Province.Plant species composition and diversity and soil chemical properties of ten alpine metal mine dump slopes varying in recovery years(1—12 years)were measured by quadrat survey and soil chemical analysis.Relationships between fourαplant diversity indexes(Patrick richness index,etc.),eight soil chemical property indexes(total nitrogen,etc.)and number of recovery years were determined.[Results]The number of families,genera,and species of plants at the dump sites increased with increasing number of recovery years due to the continuous invasion of natural plants.There were differences in plant species composition and community characteristics of the dumps in different years.The Patrick richness index increased as a power function as number of recovery years increased.The Shannon-Wiener diversity index,Simpson diversity index,and Pielou evenness index initially increased with increasing recovery year,and then decreased,and all indexes changed with time following quadratic relationships.The contents of total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen,and rapidly available phosphorus initially increased with increasing number of recovery years,and then decreased.The contents of rapidly available potassium and organic matter increased as a power function as number of recovery years increased.pH value decreased as number of recovery years increased.The fourαplant diversity indexes were positively correlated with the contents of soil total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen,rapidly available potassium,and organic matter,but negatively correlated with the conten

关 键 词：高寒金属矿山 排土场 人工恢复植物 植物多样性指数 土壤化学特性 植物演替 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]