半干旱地区矿区生态系统土壤保持功能评价——以神府-东胜矿区为例  

Evaluation on Soil Conservation Function of a Mining Area Ecosystem in Semi-arid Areas-A Case Study at Shenfu-Dongsheng Mining Area

作　　者：徐佳[1,2] 曹雪峰 王玺圳[1,2] 行仙峰 徐荣 Xu Jia;Cao Xuefeng;Wang Xizhen;Xing Xianfeng;Xu Rong(Upper and Middle Yellow River Bureau,Yellow River Conservancy Commission,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710021,China;Observation and Research Station of Soil and Water Conservation on Loess Plateau,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710021,China)

机构地区：[1]黄河水利委员会黄河上中游管理局,陕西西安710021 [2]黄土高原水土保持野外科学观测研究站,陕西西安710021

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2023年第4期178-185,共8页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：水利部财政预算项目“全国水土流失动态监测”(126201340009150001);陕西省重点研发计划项目“黄河流域(陕西段)河湖生态安全遥感监测与预警关键技术研究”(2022ZDLSF02-09);水利部重大科技项目“黄河中游大型煤炭基地水土保持率提升关键技术研究与示范”。

摘　　要：[目的]评价2000—2020年神府—东胜矿区生态系统土壤保持功能变化情况,探讨矿区生态系统功能现状和存在问题,总结半干旱地区生产建设项目集中区生态功能提升途径,为半干旱地区生产建设项目区生态和经济协调发展提供借鉴。[方法]采用中国土壤流失方程(CSLE)和风力侵蚀模型,基于栅格像元计算不同时期(2000,2010和2020年)神府—东胜矿区土壤保持量,评价不同土地利用类型、不同植被覆盖度、不同矿井土壤保持量的时空变化。[结果]①神府—东胜矿区潜在土壤侵蚀量为3.76×10^(6) t/a,矿区生态系统土壤保持量由2000年的2.30×10^(6) t增长到2010年的3.17×10^(6) t,矿区生态系统减少风蚀量作用显著增加。②2000—2020年,矿区耕地、沙地和裸土地面积持续减少,园林草地面积持续增加。园林草地土壤保持量由1.18×10^(6) t/a增加到2.78×10^(6) t/a。③矿区植被由低覆盖度向中高覆盖度转变。2020年,中覆盖度和中高覆盖度林地土壤保持量占矿区生态系统土壤保持总量的67.12%。④治理程度不同的矿井土壤保持量均明显提高。[结论]2000—2020年,神府—东胜矿区土壤保持功能显著提升。半干旱地区生产建设项目可以通过实施有效的生态措施,改善生产、生活环境,探索生态经济实现路径,实现经济发展和生态改善双赢。[Objective]The changes in the soil conservation function of the ecosystem of Shenfu-Dongsheng mining area from 2000 to 2020,and the present situation and existing problems of the ecosystem function in the mining area were studied.The ways to improve the ecological function of construction projects concentrated in semi-arid areas were summarized.The results will provide a reference for guiding the coordinated development of ecology and economy at production and construction project areas in semi-arid areas.[Methods]The Chinese soil loss equation(CSLE)and a wind erosion model were used to calculate soil conservation under water erosion and wind erosion based on grid cells in Shenfu-Dongsheng mining area during different periods(2000,2010,and 2020).The spatial and temporal changes of soil conservation for different land use types,different vegetation coverages,and different mines were determined.[Results]①Potential soil erosion in Shenfu-Dongsheng mining area was 3.76×10^(6) t/a.The amount of soil conservation increased from 2.30×10^(6) t in 2000 to 3.17×10^(6) t in 2010.The amount of wind erosion reduction in the mining ecosystem increased significantly.②The area of cultivated land,sandy land,and bare land in the mining area decreased continuously from 2000 to 2020,while the area of gardens and grassland increased continuously,and the soil conservation of gardens and grassland increased from 1.80×10^(6) t/a to 2.78×10^(6) t/a.③Vegetation in the mining area changed from low coverage to medium-high coverage.Soil conservation of medium and medium-high coverage forestlands accounted for 67.12%of the total soil conservation of the mining ecosystem in 2020.④The soil conservation capacity of different mines with different degrees of governance significantly increased.[Conclusion]The soil conservation function in Shenfu-Dongsheng mining area increased significantly from 2000 to 2020.Production and construction projects in semi-arid areas can improve the ecological environment through the use of effective ecolo

关 键 词：半干旱地区 神府—东胜矿区 土壤保持功能 生产建设项目 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]