元代晋东南社学型文庙探源——以碑刻资料为中心  

On the Origin of the Village-School Type of Confucian Temples in Southeast Shanxi in the Yuan Dynasty

作　　者：王群韬 安建峰 WANG Quntao;AN Jianfeng

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院宗教研究所,上海200020 [2]九三学社晋城市委会,山西晋城048000

出　　处：《孔子研究》2023年第5期52-58,158,共8页Confucius Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“‘宗教中国化’的基础理论建构”(项目编号:18ZDA231)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：自唐代确立“庙学一体”制度后,最基层的文庙(庙学)设于州县,一般不在县级以下区域修建文庙。晋东南地区的乡村文庙现象,似与礼制不符。稽考相关碑刻资料可知,元代兴建的社学是这类乡村文庙的主要来源,因其具有“学舍—礼殿”并存的形制格局,实质上是一种兼有文教与祭孔功能的社学型文庙。元代晋东南社学型文庙的礼仪空间多采用“二公十哲”祀位模式,并仿照州县庙学举行“释奠之礼”。从类型上看,社学型文庙是一种特殊形态的“学校文庙”。Since the integration of Confucian temple and school in the Tang Dynasty,basic Confucian temples,also known as Prefectural Temple School(庙学),were generally established in the prefectures and counties.Confucian temples built in villages in Southeastern Shanxi seem not conform to this rule.According to related tablet inscriptions,villageSchool(社学)is actually the main resource of this kind of Confucian temple in the Yuan Dynasty,which has a layout of Schoolhouse-hall with the function of education and worship Confucius and other Confucian sages.Generally,the images of Yanzi(颜子),Mencius(孟子)and Ten Sages(十哲)are put in the liturgical space as the accompanied-enshrine of Confucius,while the Shidian(释奠)ceremony of sacrifices to Confucius is also conducted.From the perspective of pattern,this kind of village-school type of Confucian temple is a special form of Confucian temple school.

关 键 词：文庙 乡村文庙 晋东南 元代社学 社学型文庙 

分 类 号：B222[哲学宗教—中国哲学]