模式动物疾病模型在结直肠癌医学研究中的应用进展  

Progress in the Application of Animal Disease Models in the Medical Research on Colorectal Cancer

作　　者：陈艳娟 沈如凌 CHEN Yanjuan;SHEN Ruling(Shanghai Laboratory Animal Research Center,Shanghai 201203,China)

机构地区：[1]上海实验动物研究中心,上海201203

出　　处：《实验动物与比较医学》2023年第5期512-523,共12页Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine

基　　金：上海市科技创新行动计划实验动物专项课题“人源化小鼠模型的建立和评价平台建设”(2214900102);上海实验动物研究中心科技创新计划新星项目“自发性肠癌ApcL850X点突变小鼠模型建立及表型研究”(2021NS03)。

摘　　要：结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)是全球第三大常见的恶性肿瘤,最新统计数据显示CRC发病人数占全球癌症病例总数的10%,为癌症死亡的第二大主因。CRC是一种高度异质性疾病,其发生发展是由多个基因表达突变引起功能异常或表观遗传变化所驱动,并经过不同途径发展为肿瘤。由于遗传、环境、伦理以及患者本身个体差异等复杂因素限制了CRC在人体上的研究,动物疾病模型已成为研究该疾病必不可少的工具,在预防、治疗、临床前研究和基础性研究中发挥重要作用。CRC疾病模型种类丰富,其中小鼠模型应用最为广泛,根据造模方式不同分为自发性、化学诱导、移植瘤和基因工程小鼠模型,各有其不同特点及应用前景。本文重点阐述CRC小鼠模型,同时介绍大鼠、实验猪、斑马鱼等动物模型的最新研究进展,以期为CRC动物模型的选择和应用提供参考。Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most common malignant tumor in the world.The latest statistics show that CRC accounts for 10%of all cancer cases worldwide and is the second leading cause of cancer deaths.CRC is a highly heterogeneous disease,the development of which is driven by functional abnormalities or epigenetic changes caused by multiple gene expression mutations,and there are different pathways that lead to tumor formation.Complex factors such as genetics,environment,ethics,and individual differences of patients themselves limit the study of CRC in humans,so the disease animal models have become an indispensable tool for the study of CRC,and play an important role in prevention,treatment,preclinical research and basic research.There are various types of CRC animal models,of which mouse models are the most widely used.According to different model establishing methods,the models are divided into spontaneous,chemically induced,transplanted tumor and genetic-engineering mouse models.Different models have different characteristics and application prospects.In this study,we focus on these mouse models of CRC in detail,and introduce the latest research progress of CRC models in rats,experimental pigs and zebrafish,to provide reference for the selection and application of animal models of CRC.

关 键 词：结直肠癌 动物模型 移植瘤模型 化学诱导模型 基因工程模型 

分 类 号：R-332[医药卫生] Q95-33[生物学—动物学]