少数民族神话的现实性意义——基于李子贤活形态神话理论的前后期变化  

The Realistic Significance of Ethnic Minority Myth:Based on the Changes of Li Zixian’s Living Mythology Theory

作　　者：廖玲[1] 胡琳 Liao Ling;Hu Lin(Institute of Taoism and Religious Culture,Sichuan University,Chengdu,610065,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学道教与宗教文化研究所,四川成都610065

出　　处：《民族学刊》2023年第5期105-111,129,共8页Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“武陵少数民族地区宗教传统及多元信仰研究”(17BZJ047)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：学界对李子贤提出的活形态神话理论的研究,大多是从总体上梳理与总结李子贤的学术历程与成果,忽略了其活形态神话理论的前后期变化。二十世纪80年代,李子贤基于拓宽中国神话研究视野的目的,提出了活形态神话理论。二十一世纪以来,李子贤基于更深入的西南少数民族神话的田野调查,对其活形态神话理论进行了修改与深化,在神话的存在形态、动态结构,以及神话与文化生态系统之间的关系等方面提出了新的见解。究其变化缘由,是李子贤对神话本质有了更深入的理解,意识到神话神圣性问题的复杂性,并转向对神话现实意义的深入挖掘,即神话之“活”体现在神话始终能观照当下人们的价值取向与现实需求,体现在神话始终处于被重述和赋予新意涵的过程之中。李子贤的活形态神话理论认为,神话作为一种“现实物”,它的传承过程也应当是一个不断被重述和赋予新质的活体生命过程。因此,在探讨中国神话当代传承问题之时,也应着眼于探讨神话的“当下性”与“现实性”。In the 1980s,Li Zixian aimed to expand the research horizon of Chinese mythology,and therefore shifted his research emphasis from the single literature myth of the Han to the living myth of all ethnic minorities,as well as from text research to the research paradigm,combining fieldwork and text,and hereby creating the beginnings of the living mythology theory.Since the 21st century,Li modified and deepened this living mythology theory,basing it more on in-depth field surveys on the myth of ethnic minorities in southwest China.In terms of the forms of ethnic minority mythology in China,the former simple three-category division method was changed to a nine-category one,and a concept of“life form mythology”was proposed.Regarding the dynamic structure of Chinese ethnic minority mythology,the unilineal evolution was transformed into a multiline evolution theory.Concerning the relationship between the living mythology of Chinese ethnic minorities and the cultural-ecological system,a three-dimensional research paradigm was suggested.The reason for these changes was that Li Zixian had gained a deeper understanding of the essence of the myths of the various ethnic groups in China as well as a realization of the complexity of the sacredness of these myths.Li’s“living myth”theoretical system can inspire us today to think about the contemporary inheritance of Chinese symbolic narratives,that is,how to bring out a true life connotation from myths.In the“living myth”paradigm,the meaning of“living”in Chinese minority myths is shown in two ways:Firstly,Chinese minority myths always appear to care about people’s current value orientation and realistic needs;secondly,Chinese minority myths all the time seem to be in the process of being retold and endowed with new meaning.Therefore,the process of mythological heritage is not a process of“de-primitiveness”and“de-sacredness”of myths as“cultural relics”,but a process in which myths are retold and given a new nature as“reality”.In other words,the“

关 键 词：李子贤 活形态神话理论 神话神圣性 中国神话传承 

分 类 号：I059[文学—文学理论]