苎麻酶法脱胶预处理方法研究  

Study on pretreatment of ramie enzymatic degumming

作　　者：丁俊豪 王强[1] 周曼 余圆圆 许波 王平 DING Junhao;WANG Qiang;ZHOU Man;YU Yuanyuan;XU Bo;WANG Ping(College of Textile Science and Engineering,Jiangnan University,Wuxi,Jiangsu 214122,China)

机构地区：[1]江南大学纺织科学与工程学院,江苏无锡214122

出　　处：《毛纺科技》2023年第10期44-49,共6页Wool Textile Journal

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC2104003)。

摘　　要：为提高苎麻纤维的复合酶法脱胶效果,研究了9种苎麻韧皮纤维的预处理技术,通过对预处理和酶脱胶后的苎麻纤维进行表观纤维形态观察,发现过硼酸钠预处理和协同过氧化氢2种预处理方法能够有效除去纤维表面的大部分胶质,得到的纤维表面光滑,可以分离出单根纤维。通过纤维的残胶率、成分含量、线密度、断裂强度等数据研究了预处理后酶法脱胶后纤维理化性能的变化,实验结果发现,过硼酸钠预处理后联合后续复合酶脱胶处理的方法,可以使苎麻的残胶率减少到4.9%,纤维素含量由68.5%提升至89.3%,半纤维素含量从14.9%降低到4.6%,苎麻纤维线密度为6.2 dtex,白度为62.5%,束纤维断裂强度达到1.35 cN/dtex;通过氨水协同过氧化氢预处理的方法,能使残胶率减少到5.8%,果胶去除率达到70%,木质素含量减少至1.3%,束纤维断裂强度为1.26 cN/dtex。In order to improve the composite enzymatic degumming effect of ramie fibers,nine pretreatment techniques for ramie bast fibers were studied and tested,by observing the apparent fiber morphology of ramie fibers after pretreatment and enzyme degumming,it was found that sodium perborate pretreatment and cooperative hydrogen peroxide pretreatment could effectively remove most of the glia on the surface of the fibers,and the surface of the fibers was smooth,allowing the separation of a single fiber.The changes in the physical and chemical properties of ramie fibers after enzymatic degumming after pretreatment were studied using data such as residual gum ratio,component content,linear density,and breaking strength.The experimental results show that the combination of sodium perborate pretreatment and subsequent composite enzymatic degumming treatment can reduce the residual gum ratio of ramie to 4.9%,increase the cellulose content from 68.5%to 89.3%,reduce the hemicellulose content from 14.9%to 4.6%,achieve a linear density of 6.2 dtex,and a whiteness of 62.5%,The breaking strength of the bundle fiber reaches 1.35 cN/dtex;Through the pretreatment method of ammonia water and hydrogen peroxide,the residual gum rate can be reduced to 5.8%,the pectin removal rate can reach 70%,the lignin content can be reduced to 1.3%,and the bundle fiber breaking strength can be 1.26 cN/dtex.

关 键 词：苎麻纤维 脱胶 复合酶 预处理 

分 类 号：TS123.2[轻工技术与工程—纺织材料与纺织品设计]