唐代州县等第的时空变化及其地理意义  

Spatio-temporal Changes of the Prefecture and County Tiers in Tang Dynasty and Their Geographical Significances

作　　者：龚胜生[1,2] 肖克梅 Gong Shengsheng;Xiao Kemei(College of Urban and Environmental Science,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,China;Research Institute of Sustainable Development,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学城市与环境科学学院,湖北武汉430079 [2]华中师范大学可持续发展研究中心,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《历史地理研究》2023年第3期8-30,155,共24页The Chinese Historical Geography

基　　金：国家社会科学基金冷门绝学研究专项学术团队项目“中国历史瘟疫图像整理与疫灾文化研究”(21VJXT015);国家社会科学基金重大项目“《中国疫灾历史地图集》研究与编制”(12&ZD145)。

摘　　要：州县等第是反映州县政治地位和人口、经济规模的重要指标。对唐代339个州、1607个县等第的时空分异进行历史计量和GIS分析,得到若干结论。(1)唐代府与辅、雄等州,赤、畿、次赤、次畿等县数量相对稳定,上、中、下各等州县数量变动频繁;唐后期升等州县数多于降等州县数,开元至元和间变动最为剧烈。(2)州县等第空间分异“北高南低”,关中平原有最高值;时间变化“北降南升”,长江中下游地区两湖平原、鄱阳湖平原、太湖平原上升最显著。(3)国都附近州县等级受政治因素影响最大,边疆要塞、交通咽喉州县等级受军事因素影响最大,其他州县等级主要受经济因素尤其人口规模影响,绝大多数是人口增减导致。(4)州县等第变化反映了安史之乱后全国政治、人口、城市、经济重心的东移南迁。The tiers of prefectures and counties are important indicators that reflect their political status,population and economic importance.By using historical quantitative analysis and GIS analysis methods,this paper unpacks the spatiotemporal changes of 339 prefectures and 1607 counties in Tang Dynasty.The results show that:(1)The number of prefecture tier Fu(府),Fu(辅),Xiong(雄)and county tier Chi(赤),Ji(畿),Ci-Chi(次赤)and Ci-Ji(次畿)was relatively stable in Tang Dynasty,while the number of Shang(上),Zhong(中),Xia(下)prefectures and counties changed drastically.In the late Tang Dynasty,the number of upgraded prefectures and counties was more than that of degraded prefectures and counties,with the most significant hierarchical change took place from Kaiyuan(713-741)to Yuanhe(806-820).(2)The spatio-temporal changes of prefectures and counties in Tang Dynasty was“high in the north and low in the south”.Guanzhong Plain was the highest area in the prefecture and county level.The temporal change was“falling in the north and rising in the south”.The Plain of Hubei and Hunan,Poyang Lake Plain and Taihu Plain in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River rose most significantly.(3)The tiers of prefectures and counties in the vicinity of the capital of the Tang Dynasty were most affected by political factors,while the tiers of the frontier fortresses and traffic throats were most affected by military factors.Other prefectures and counties tiers were mainly affected by economic factors,especially population size.(4)The spatio-temporal changes of the tiers of prefectures and counties in Tang Dynasty reflected the eastward and southward movement of the national political,demographic,urban and economic centers after the An-Shi Rebellion in the middle of the Tang Dynasty.

关 键 词：州县等第 时空变化 地理意义 唐代 

分 类 号：K928[历史地理—人文地理学]