宁夏地区18岁以上人群近视患病率分析  

A survey on the prevalence of myopia among adults in Ningxia

作　　者：汪华 王政来 陈琳 刘海军 田恬 牛伟 张雪[1] 张金金[1] WANG Hua;WANG Zhenglai;CHEN Lin;LIU Haijun;TIAN Tian;NIU Wei;ZHANG Xue;ZHANG Jinjin(Ningxia Eye Hospital,People′s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,Yinchuan 750002,China.)

机构地区：[1]宁夏回族自治区人民医院宁夏眼科医院,宁夏银川750002

出　　处：《宁夏医学杂志》2023年第10期886-889,共4页Ningxia Medical Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(82060182);宁夏自然科学基金项目(2023AAC03450)。

摘　　要：目的 调查宁夏地区年龄≥18岁人群视力及屈光状态,了解成人近视患病率及不同近视程度的分布情况。方法 采用多阶段整群随机抽样,在宁夏地区抽取10个调查点,对其中18岁及以上人群进行问卷调查及视力、眼压、眼底照相和裂隙灯下眼部情况检查。对近视人群进行统计分析,分析其致病的危险因素。结果 应检查人数6 145人,实际检查人数5 721人(93.1%),平均年龄(64.27±13.48)岁,其中男性2 558人(44.7%),女性3 163人(55.3%)。其中2 969人(51.90%)被诊断为近视,轻度近视患病率为22.44%,中度近视患病率为17.60%,高度近视患病率为11.85%。男性和女性近视患病率分别是51.72%和52.04%,两者比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同年龄人群近视患病率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),高度近视患病率在20~29岁组人群中最高(23.80%)。随着文化程度升高,人们近视的患病率逐步升高,且在大学及以上的人群中患病率最高(P<0.05)。结论 宁夏地区成人近视患病率较高,近视的患病率因年龄、文化程度的不同而不同,近视防控仍是我区眼科工作的重点内容。Objective To investigate the visual acuity and refractive status of adult population in Ningxia and to understand the prevalence of adult myopia and the distribution of different degrees of myopia.Methods A multi-stage cluster random sampling was used to select 10 survey sites in Ningxia,and questionnaire survey,visual acuity,intraocular pressure,fundus photography and slit-lamp examination were conducted on the population aged 18 years and above.The population of myopia statistical analysis was conducted and the risk factors of myopia was analyzed.Results 6145 people should be examined,and 5721 people were actually examined,with a rate of 93.1%.The average age was(64.27±13.48)years old,ranged from 20 to 89 years old.There were 2558 males(44.7%)and 3163 females(55.3%).Among them,2969 people(51.90%)were diagnosed with myopia,with a prevalence rate of 22.44%for mild myopia,17.60%for moderate myopia,and 11.85%for high myopia.The prevalence of myopia in men and women was 51.72%and 52.04%,respectively,with no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).The prevalence of myopia is statistically different among different age groups(P<0.05),and the prevalence gradually decreases with age.The prevalence of high myopia was the highest in people aged 20 to 29 years.The prevalence of myopia was the highest among college students and above(P<0.05).Conclusions The prevalence rate of myopia is high in Ningxia,and the prevalence varies depending on the age and the degree of education.The prevention and control of myopia among teenagers is still the key of ophthalmology work in Ningxia.

关 键 词：流行病学调查 近视 患病率 

分 类 号：R778.11[医药卫生—眼科]