修身治国之清康熙帝造园思想  

The Gardening Ideologies of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty on Self-Cultivation and Governance of the Country

作　　者：崔山[1,2] 王其亨 Cui Shan;Wang Qiheng(School of Architecture,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;College of Horticulture,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学建筑学院,天津300072 [2]中国农业大学园艺学院,北京100193

出　　处：《天津大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第6期541-550,共10页Journal of Tianjin University：Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(14ZDB025);国家社会科学基金项目(20BZS118)。

摘　　要：针对我国遗存数量最多、规模最大、形制最完整的清代皇家园林,以研究奠基清朝皇家园林的康熙帝造园思想为目的,并以康熙帝造园的个案探索为主线,围绕康熙帝造园思想与其修身治国的内在关联,查阅比对满语和汉语两类清史文献,考证康熙帝治国格局下的皇家造园实绩,探究出其中蕴含的“礼乐中和”造园思想。理论上构建起造园思想史研究的成功案例,旨在扩充风景园林学科历史与理论方向关于造园思想研究的成果,使其能够被运用于皇家园林文化遗产的保护工作。从而探明:康熙帝皇家造园思想不仅满足居园理政,而且具有阅武骑射、观耕格物、尊佛敬道、修身行孝之五大园林活动功用;康熙帝皇家造园彰显“实学”特征,即简素清虚而求得“非为一己之豫游”的君臣心性自由之精神审美;同构中华山水而实现内圣修身之帝王价值;园林规模宏阔纳天下大观,而居园贴近亲民尺度。As an imperial garden with the largest number of remains,the largest scale and the most complete form in Qing Dynasty,this paper aims to study gardening ideologies of the Qing Dynasty Emperor Kangxi,which lays a foundation for the construction of royal gardens.In the form of case study of Emperor Kangxi’s gardening ideas in principal,this paper focuses on Emperor Kangxi’s gardening ideas rather than the internal connection of governing the country cultivate one’s morality,two classes of illustrate than in Manchu and Chinese literatures.This paper analyzes the achievements of royal garden construction under the influence of Emperor Kangxi’s ruling pattern and explores the idea of“harmony of rites and music”in royal garden construction.This paper provides a successful case study of the history of gardening ideologies in theory,aiming to expand the research results of gardening thought in the historical and theoretical direction of landscape architecture,so that it can be applied to the protection of royal garden cultural heritage.Thus,it was proved that the garden built by Emperor Kangxi not only met the requirements of garden management,but also had five functions for garden activities:reading martial arts,riding and shooting,observing tillage,respecting Buddhism and Taoism,cultivating oneself and practicing filial piety.The garden of Emperor Kangxi showed the characteristics of“practical learning”,that was,simple,clear and empty,in order to obtain the spiritual aesthetic of“not for one’s own leisure”.Isomorphic mountain and water in ancient China highlights the imperial value of inner sanctity and self-cultivation;the scale of the whole garden is so grand that could hold the world view,while the garden for living is so practical that is close to life.

关 键 词：修身治国 造园思想 皇家园林 清康熙帝 礼乐中和 实学 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]