基于可培养技术的中国不同城市家用冰箱中细菌多样性研究  

Bacterial diversity of Chinese domestic refrigerators in different cities based on culturable technology

作　　者：蔡云虹 刘学孜 刘丽娜 葛媛媛 谢九艳 张军 高逸 张健 袁帅 庞玲玲 王喆 姚粟 CAI Yunhong;LIU Xuezi;LIU Lina;GE Yuanyuan;XIE Jiuyan;ZHANG Jun;GAO Yi;ZHANG Jian;YUAN Shuai;PANG Lingling;WANG Zhe;YAO Su(China National Research Institute of Food&Fermentation Industries Co.Ltd.,Beijing 100015,China;Hefei Hualing Limited,Hefei 230601,China;China Standard Certification(Qingdao)Co.Ltd.,Qingdao 266200,China)

机构地区：[1]中国食品发酵工业研究院有限公司,北京100015 [2]合肥华凌股份有限公司,安徽合肥230601 [3]中标能效科技(青岛)有限公司,山东青岛266200

出　　处：《食品与发酵工业》2023年第20期172-178,共7页Food and Fermentation Industries

摘　　要：研究旨在基于可培养技术了解不同城市家用冰箱使用过程中的微生物卫生状况及细菌多样性。选取哈尔滨、北京、青岛、成都、广州5个城市的15台冰箱为研究对象,采用TSA、R2A、哥伦比亚血平板3种培养基,30、6.5℃2种培养温度,对冰箱冷藏室果蔬篮及内壁、冷藏室门搁架、冷冻室内壁、冷藏室空气4个不同采样点的微生物进行分离、计数及鉴定。从15台冰箱中共分离得到63个属155种459株细菌,其中,芽胞杆菌属(Bacillus)在5所城市冰箱样品中均分离获得,且广泛存在于冰箱冷藏室果蔬篮及内壁、门搁架和冷冻室内壁,冰箱冷藏室空气中主要分离到的细菌为微球菌属(Micrococcus)。研究重点关注普遍存在且具有低温致腐特性、产异味特性及潜在条件致病性的菌株,确定芽胞杆菌属(Bacillus)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)、索丝菌属(Brochothrix)、莫拉氏菌属(Moraxella)和微球菌属(Micrococcus)为中国家用冰箱中的关键细菌,结果可为进一步研究家用冰箱中关键微生物的代谢机制,优化冰箱控菌技术奠定基础。To understand the microbial hygiene and bacterial diversity of domestic refrigerators in China based on culturable techniques,samples collected from 15 refrigerators in 5 cities(Harbin,Beijing,Qingdao,Chengdu and Guangzhou)were quantitatively analyzed and identified using TSA,R2A and Columbia blood agar plates at two incubation temperatures of 30℃and 6.5℃.A total of 63 genera,155 species and 459 strains of bacteria were isolated in these refrigerators.The common bacteria of different cities were Bacillus,which were widely present in the inner walls,baskets,shelves of the cooler,and freezer interior walls.Micrococcus was representative strain of bacteria widely present in the air of refrigerators.In addition,considering the widespread bacterial strains with capacity of conditional pathogenicity,spoilage causing or odor producing,Bacillus,Pseudomonas,Staphylococcus,Brochothrix.Moraxella,and Micrococcus were the main bacterial genera.This study will lay the foundation for further research on metabolic mechanism of key characteristic microorganisms as well as antibacterial techniques development.

关 键 词：中国不同城市家用冰箱 微生物卫生状况 可培养技术 细菌多样性 

分 类 号：TS201.3[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]