煤矸石改良盐碱土对马铃薯生长的影响  

Effects of improved saline-alkaline soil with coal gangue on potato growth

作　　者：何宪波 乔俊 李紫薇[1,2,3] 白秀丽 张晓慧 赵建国 邢宝岩[2,3] HE Xianbo;QIAO Jun;LI Ziwei;BAI Xiuli;ZHANG Xiaohui;ZHAO Jianguo;XING Baoyan(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Shanxi Datong University,Datong 037009,China;Engineering Research Center of Coal-based Ecological Carbon Sequestration Technology of the Ministry of Education,Shanxi Datong University,Datong 037009,China;Key Laboratory of Garphene Forestry Application of the National Forest and Grassland Administration,Shanxi Datong University,Datong 037009,China)

机构地区：[1]山西大同大学化学与化工学院,大同037009 [2]山西大同大学煤基生态碳汇技术教育部工程研究中心,大同037009 [3]山西大同大学石墨烯林业应用国家林草局重点实验室,大同037009

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2023年第14期145-154,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52071192);中央预算内投资项目(晋发改审批发[2021]118号);山西大同大学研究生教育创新项目(22CX15)。

摘　　要：为探索煤矸石用于盐碱地改良的可行性,拓展大宗固体废物煤矸石的资源化利用途径,该研究采用盆栽法对煤矸石用量影响盐碱土理化性质及马铃薯生长进行研究。试验设置4个处理:85%盐碱土+15%煤矸石(CL15)、70%盐碱土+30%煤矸石(CL30)、50%盐碱土+50%煤矸石(CL50),以及不添加煤矸石的对照(CK),分析煤矸石用量对土壤理化性质、马铃薯植株生长生理、产量和品质等的影响。结果表明:1)煤矸石加入能够影响土壤的理化性质,改善盐碱土自身贫瘠、板结的土质,土壤pH值、盐分浓度、容重逐渐降低,土壤结构趋于稳定,同时土壤中有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、水解氮和速效钾含量显著增加(P<0.05),增幅分别为15.2%~447.2%、11.7%~27.6%、0.5%~29.5%、43.3%~225.8%、16.6%~216.1%和3.6%~34.9%。2)不同煤矸石添加量对马铃薯植株生长、光合作用以及抗逆性等指标影响效果存在差异,随着煤矸石用量的增加,植株各个时期的生长生理、抗逆境胁迫等指标多数呈现先增加后降低的趋势。CL30处理对马铃薯生长促进效果最佳,CL50则表现出一定的抑制作用,3个品种马铃薯收获后的地上生物量排序均为CL30、CL50、CL15。3)对照中马铃薯植株在幼苗期全部死亡,煤矸石各处理种植马铃薯可完成生长周期并结薯。CL30处理下单株块茎质量最高,为252.37~424.10 g/株,块茎中淀粉、蛋白质和维生素C含量也最高,分别为90.0~110.3 g/kg、13.3~14.1 g/kg和99.0~164.0 mg/kg,但与商品马铃薯品质相比仍有差距,淀粉、蛋白质和维生素C含量分别低于商品马铃薯21.2%~35.7%、45.8%~48.8%和7.9%~44.4%。综上所述,煤矸石可用于盐碱土改良,煤矸石用量为30%时,可有效改善盐碱土壤环境并适合种植马铃薯,因而在盐碱地土壤改良、保障粮食安全领域具有应用前景。Cultivated land resources are seriously insufficient in China,where the per capita cultivated land area is only 1/3 of the world average.The improved saline-alkali soil can be expected to plant food crops,in order to alleviate the shortage of cultivated land resources.However,saline-alkaline soil has poor physical structure and a low plant survival rate.Fortunately,coal gangue has the potential to improve the physical structure and chemical properties of saline-alkali soil.It is a high demand to apply the coal gangue into the saline-alkali land for the better recycling of waste coal gangue resources with the improvement of saline-alkali land.In this study,a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of coal gangue on the saline-alkali soil and potato cultivation.Coal gangues with different application rates(0,15%,30%,and 50%)were applied to the saline-alkali soil,marked as the treatment of CK,CL15,CL30 and CL50,respectively.Three potato varieties JZ-12,WT-5 and DF-10 were planted during the experiment.12 replicates were set for each treatment,because the planting potatoes was not conducive to sampling and testing soil bulk density indicators.Among them,three varieties of potato were planted for nine repetitions(three repetitions for each variety),and the remaining three repetitions were used to determine the soil physicochemical properties with the applied coal gangue.A systematic analysis was made to clarify the effects of coal gangue on the soil physical and chemical properties of saline-alkali soil,potato plant growth,photosynthetic characteristics,malondialdehyde content,antioxidant enzyme activity,potato yield and quality.The results showed as follows:1)The addition of coal gangue affected the soil's physicochemical properties,and then improved the poor and hardened quality of the salinealkali soil.The soil pH value,salt concentration,and bulk density decreased gradually,whereas,the soil structure tended to be stable.At the same time,there was a significant increase in the content of organic matt

关 键 词：煤矸石 盐碱土 马铃薯 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]