关于任家咀秦国墓地若干问题的探讨  

Discussion on Some Problems of Renjiazui Qin Cemetery

作　　者：袁俊杰[1] 彭军超 YUAN Jun-jie;PENG Jun-chao(College of History and Culture,Henan Uniersity,Kaifeng 475000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南大学历史文化学院,河南开封475000

出　　处：《西北大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第6期32-44,共13页Journal of Northwest University：Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“应国墓地礼乐制度研究”(14BKG012);河南大学黄河文明省部共建协同创新中心重大项目“黄河流域诸侯国墓地丧葬制度研究”(2020M23);河南大学英才计划项目“秦国社会变迁研究”(SYLYC2022065)。

摘　　要：通过对墓地区组的划分、埋葬习俗与随葬陶器组合的分析,可知任家咀秦国墓地是一处由多个秦人族群及其家族与外来移民共同埋葬的公共墓地。墓地结构反映出社会基层组织是以血缘关系为纽带的地缘化结构向以地缘关系为基础企图将埋入人群与生前一样凝聚在一起的新型地缘结构发展。不同类别墓葬的墓主之间有阶层和身份的差异,大体可分为贵族阶层的低等级贵族和有一定职掌的功勋地主,中间阶层的失势贵族、富裕地主、基层官吏和战国晚期以后的外来移民以及平民阶层的较为富裕者、普通平民、赤贫者与前两个阶层分化至此的人群三个阶层。相邻阶层的墓葬之间界限模糊,存在着各阶层人群向上下阶层分化的普遍现象,这从侧面也反映了当时剧烈的社会大变革。Based on the analysis of burial customs and burial pottery assemblages,we can see that the Qin cemetery in Renjiazui is a public cemetery where several Qin ethnic groups and their families and immigrants are buried together.The cemetery structure reflects the development of the social grass-roots organization from the geographical structure linked by blood relationship to the new geographical structure based on the geographical relationship to try to gather the buried people together.There are differences in class and status among the owners of different types of tombs,which can be generally divided into three classes:the low level aristocrats of the aristocracy and the meritorious landlords with certain positions,the disgraced aristocrats of the middle class,the rich landlords,the grass-roots officials and the immigrants after the late Warring States period,and the relatively rich people of the common class,the ordinary people and the destituted people of the first two classes.The boundary between the tombs of adjacent strata was blurred,and there was a common phenomenon that people of all strata divided into upper and lower strata,which also reflected the drastic social changes at that time from a side.

关 键 词：任家咀秦国墓地 族群来源 墓地结构 墓葬等级 墓主身份 

分 类 号：K878.8[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]