陆稻早期幼苗陆生适应性鉴定及综合评价  

Aerobic adaptability identification and comprehensive evaluation of upland rice at early seedling stage

作　　者：张德宇 CHALI Biru Alemu PHYU Phyu Thin 路承凯 陆炳悦 陆定科 王效宁[4] 万金鹏[1] 徐鹏[1] ZHANG Deyu;CHALI Biru Alemu;PHYU Phyu Thin;LU Chengkai;LU Bingyue;LU Dingke;WANG Xiaoning;WAN Jinpeng;XU Peng(Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Plant Resources,Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650223,China;University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 101408,China;Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center of Guangnan County,Guangnan 663300,China;Institute of Cereal Crops,Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding of Hainan Province,Haikou 570216,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园热带植物资源可持续利用重点实验室,云南昆明650223 [2]中国科学院大学,北京101408 [3]广南县农业技术推广服务中心,云南广南663300 [4]海南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所/海南省农作物遗传育种重点实验室,海南海口570216

出　　处：《华南农业大学学报》2023年第6期915-924,共10页Journal of South China Agricultural University

基　　金：云南省对外科技合作专项(202003AD150007);云南省基础研究专项(202301AT070329);中国科学院“西部之光-西部交叉团队”重点实验室专项(XBZG-ZDSYS-202111);崖州湾种子实验室“揭榜挂帅”项目(B21HJ0106,B21HJ0220);海南省农作物遗传育种重点实验室开放课题(HAAS2022PT0104)。

摘　　要：【目的】鉴定陆稻种质资源早期幼苗的陆生适应性,筛选出具备低水分胁迫萌发、深土出苗能力的优势种质资源,为培育具有优良陆生适应性的新品种提供种质资源和参考依据。【方法】在150 g/L乙二醇(PEG6000)模拟低水分胁迫及8 cm深土壤播种条件下,评价‘黄华占’‘龙粳39’‘京越1号’等24份水稻和‘陆引46’‘IRAT318’‘IRAT11’等24份陆稻改良品种的陆生适应性指标,同时对246份地方陆稻种质资源进行相关指标测定。通过主成分分析、隶属函数和陆生适应性综合评价值对参试种质资源进行评价,并利用聚类分析进行分类。【结果】在低水分胁迫条件下,典型水、陆稻品种的相对发芽率、发芽势、根长、芽长、根数均存在极显著差异,可作为陆稻早期幼苗陆生适应性的鉴定指标。在深土播种条件下,根长、芽长、中胚轴长和胚芽鞘长对幼苗出土起着主效作用。根据它们陆生适应性的差异,可将294份供试材料的陆生适应性划分为极强型(Ⅰ类)、强型(Ⅱ类)、中间型(Ⅲ类)、弱型(Ⅳ类)和极弱型(Ⅴ类)5类,最终筛选出7份陆生适应性强的种质资源。【结论】本研究初步确定了陆稻早期幼苗的陆生适应性鉴定指标,并对云南地方陆稻进行综合评价,可为旱直播稻新品种的培育提供基础。【Objective】The goal was to identify the aerobic adaptation of early seedlings of upland rice germplasm resources,screen out the superior germplasm resources with the abilities of seed germination under low water stress and seedling emergence from deep soil,and provide genetic materials and valuable guidance for breeding new viarieties with excellent aerobic adaptation.【Method】Under the conditions of 150 g/L polyethylene glycol(PEG6000)mimicking low water stress and 8 cm soil deep-seeding,24 lowland rice(including‘Huanghuazhan’,‘longjing39’and‘jingyue1’)and 24 improved upland rice(including‘Luying46’,‘IRAT318’and‘IRAT11’)varieties were used to evaluate the aerobic adaptability indicators.In addition,these indicators were assessed for 246 upland rice landraces.The principal component analysis,membership function and comprehensive evaluation value of aerobic adaptation were used to evaluate these germplasms,and they were classified by cluster analysis.【Result】The relative germination potential,germination rate,root length,bud length and root number between lowland and upland rice varieties under low water stress were significantly different,and could be used as indicators for identifying aerobic adaptation at the early seedling stage.Under deep-seeding condition,root length,shoot length,mesocotyl length and coleoptile length were mainly responsible for seedling emergence.According to their differences in aerobic adaptability,the germplasms could be divided into five types,including highly strong type(typeⅠ),strong type(typeⅡ),intermediate type(typeⅢ),weak type(typeⅣ)and extremely weak type(typeⅤ).Finally,seven varieties with elite aerobic adaptability were obtained.【Conclusion】This study identified the indicators of aerobic adaptation and comprehensively assessed the upland rice landraces in Yunan,which could provide a basis for fostering dry direct-seeding rice varieties.

关 键 词：陆稻 陆生适应性 低水分胁迫 种子萌发 幼苗出土 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S502