基于多工况的畜禽运输车车厢骨架优化设计  

Optimization design of the carriage frame of a livestock and poultry transport vehicle based on multiple working conditions

作　　者：黄大伟 郭成荣 傅爱军 田永康 龚运息[1] Huang Dawei;Guo Chengrong;Fu Aijun;Tian Yongkang;Gong Yunxi(School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering,Guangxi University of Science and Technology,Liuzhou,545006,China;Sinotruk Liuzhou Yunli Special Vehicle Co.,Ltd.,Liuzhou,545112,China)

机构地区：[1]广西科技大学机械与汽车工程学院,广西柳州545006 [2]中国重汽集团柳州运力专用汽车有限公司,广西柳州545112

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2023年第10期137-143,共7页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：柳州市科技计划项目(2021AAA0115)。

摘　　要：为降低现有畜禽运输车高昂的生产成本与使用成本、提高车辆的燃油经济性,以8×4畜禽运输车车厢骨架为研究对象,利用HyperMesh软件建立某畜禽运输车车厢骨架的有限元模型,在其满载状态下,车厢主体在垂向、转向、制动3种工况下进行分析。根据分析结果,得出该车厢主体部分刚度和强度都过剩。由于本车厢的零部件数量太多,无法高效且有针对性的得出关键零部件对整体车厢性能的影响差异。故选择采用灵敏度分析分别得出质量,一阶扭转模态,转向工况的灵敏度函数;并分别计算出模态与转向工况对质量的相对灵敏度,挑选出的相对灵敏度绝对值较小的部件出来。以这些部件作为设计变量,对车厢骨架进行尺寸优化。在确保优化结构的合理性下,共减重448 kg,减重率达11.5%,轻量化效果明显。In order to reduce the high production cost and use cost of existing livestock and poultry transport vehicles,and improve the fuel economy of vehicles,this paper takes the skeleton of 8×4 livestock and poultry transport vehicles as the research object,and uses HyperMesh software to establish a finite element model of the skeleton of a livestock and poultry transport vehicle.The main body of the carriage is analyzed under vertical,steering and braking conditions.According to the analysis results,the stiffness and strength of the main part of the carriage are excessive.Due to the large number of components in the car,it is not possible to efficiently and targeted to determine the impact of key components on the overall performance of the car.Therefore,sensitivity analysis is used to obtain sensitivity functions of mass,first-order torsional mode and steering condition respectively.The relative sensitivity of modal and steering conditions to mass is calculated respectively,and the components with smaller absolute value of relative sensitivity are selected.These components are used as design variables to optimize the size of the carriage frame.Under the rationality of ensuring the optimization structure,a total of 448 kg was lost,the weight loss rate reached 11.5%,and the lightweight effect was obvious.

关 键 词：畜禽运输车 有限元 模态分析 灵敏度分析 轻量化 

分 类 号：S817.6[农业科学—畜牧学] U463.8[农业科学—畜牧兽医]