脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉替代鱼粉对中华鳖生长性能、肝脏抗氧化能力和肠道菌群的影响  

Effects of Defatted Black Soldier Fly Larva Meal Replacing Fish Meal onGrowth Performance, Hepatic Antioxidant Ability and Intestinal Microflora ofJuvenile Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtle ( Pelodiscus sinensis )

作　　者：牛秋雪 邵仙萍[1] 叶金云[1] 戚常乐 吴成龙[1] 庞栋 董舒乐 莫俊燕 NIU Qiuxue;SHAO Xianping;YE Jinyun;QI Changle;WU Chenglong;PANG Dong;DONG Shule;MO Junyan(Zhejiang Provincial Key laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development,National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Breeding and Nutrition,College of Life Science,Huzhou University,Huzhou 313000,China;College of Life and Health,Huzhou College,Huzhou 313000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖州师范学院生命科学学院,水生动物繁育与营养国家地方联合工程实验室,浙江省水生生物资源养护与开发技术研究重点实验室,湖州313000 [2]湖州学院生命健康学院,湖州313000

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2023年第10期6650-6664,共15页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2020B0202010001)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉替代饲料中不同比例鱼粉对中华鳖稚鳖生长性能、肝脏抗氧化指标、肝脏和肠道消化酶活性、肠道组织形态和菌群的影响。配制5种等氮等脂的试验饲料,5种试验饲料中脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉替代鱼粉的比例分别为0(F0,作为对照)、15%(F15)、30%(F30)、45%(F45)、60%(F60)。选取初始体重为(4.98±0.18)g的中华鳖稚鳖175只,随机分为5组,每组5个重复,每个重复7只,进行为期8周的养殖试验。结果显示:脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉替代饲料中不同比例的鱼粉对中华鳖稚鳖的摄食量、体比系数和肝体指数没有显著影响(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,F15、F30和F45组的终末体重、成活率、增重率和特定生长率均没有显著变化(P>0.05),F60组则显著降低(P<0.05);F15和F45组的饲料系数没有显著变化(P>0.05),F30和F60组则显著升高(P<0.05);F45和F60组的脂体指数显著降低(P<0.05)。各组间血清总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白和乳酸含量以及谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶活性均无显著差异(P>0.05);F45组血清酸性磷酸酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。F30组肝脏抗氧化酶和消化酶活性最高,F45组肠道淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性最高。高通量测序分析显示,F30组肠道中邻单胞菌属的相对丰度最低,鲸杆菌属的相对丰度较高,但是与对照组没有显著差异(P>0.05);各组在门和属水平上的优势菌群相同,肠道菌群alpha多样性指数无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉替代饲料中30%~45%的鱼粉对中华鳖稚鳖的生长性能没有产生负面影响,并能改善肝脏抗氧化能力与肠道菌群结构。The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of replacing different proportions of fish meal with defatted black soldier fly larva meal on growth performance,hepatic antioxidant indexes,digestive enzyme activities in liver and intestine,and intestinal morphology and microflora of juvenile Chinese soft-shelled turtle(Pelodiscus sinensis).Five isonitrogen and isolipids diets were prepared by using defatted black soldier fly larval meal instead of 0(F0,as control),15%(F15),30%(F30),45%(F45)and 60%(F60)dietary fish meal,respectively.One hundred and seventy-five juvenile soft-shelled turtles with an initial body weight of(4.98±0.18)g were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups,with 5 replicates per group and 7 turtles per replicate,for an 8-week feeding trial.The results showed that replacing different proportions of fish meal with defatted black soldier fly larval meal had no significant effects on feed intake,body coefficient and hepatosomatic index of juvenile soft-shelled turtle(P>0.05).Compared with the control group,there were no significant differences in final body weight,survival rate,weight gain rate and specific growth rate between F15,F30 and F45 groups(P>0.05),while there was a significant decrease in F60 group(P<0.05);there was no significant change in feed conversion ratio in F15 and F45 groups(P>0.05),but there was a significant increase in F30 and F60 groups(P<0.05);the intraperitoneal index in F45 and F60 groups was significantly decreased(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in the contents of total protein,albumin,globulin and lactic acid,and the activities of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase,glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase in serum among different groups(P>0.05).The serum acid phosphatase activity in F45 group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).The activities of hepatic antioxidant enzymes and digestive enzymes in the F30 group were the highest.The activities of amylase and lipase in intestine in F45 group were the highest.T

关 键 词：脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉 中华鳖稚鳖 生长性能 抗氧化能力 消化酶 肠道菌群 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]