从“两端”到“中和”:王船山性情思想重构中的价值转向  

From"Two Ends"to"Neutralization":The Value Turn in the Reconstruction of Wang Chuanshan's Disposition Thought

作　　者：杨超[1,2] 李萌[3] Yang Chao;Li Meng

机构地区：[1]郑州大学哲学学院“洛学研究中心” [2]郑州大学道教中国化研究中心 [3]郑州大学哲学学院

出　　处：《理论界》2023年第10期42-48,共7页Theory Horizon

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“宋学源流”(19ZDA028);国家社科基金“清代礼学与理学的互通性研究”(22CZX032);中国博士后科学基金会面上资助项目“清儒之礼理观研究”(2020M286328);河南省人文社会科学研究项目“清代礼学与理学的互通性研究”(2023-ZZJH-378);郑州大学教育教学改革研究与实践重点项目“嵩阳书院育人传统在现代化大学的创新性发展研究”(2022ZZUJG033)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：北宋以降,“性”与“情”关系问题,为学界争讼不已,并逐步分化成以苏东坡、朱熹为代表的两大互斥阵营:其一,以苏东坡为代表的主情一派,以“七情”为性,重人之情,主张真其情,直其情,借由情的自由外放,获得身心的满足;其二,以朱子为代表的主性一派,认“四端”为情,重人之性,呼吁借性的彰明,由内而外,显乎本然之善,革除外诱之私。作为宋学殿军之一的王船山,试图化解苏东坡、朱子两派性情观的互斥模式,判苏东坡认“喜怒哀乐爱恶欲”之七情为性,断朱子以“恻隐、羞恶、辞让、是非”四端之性为情:混情为性,则人情炽然,物欲横流;以性摄情,过多地彰显性的主体地位,易陷入枯槁,缺乏生机。随后,王船山借由对情之自主性、能动性的凸显,以及以性之善于情之恶的提防、抑制,较好地彰明了“性”“情”的中庸之道,实现从“两端”到“中和”之道的价值转向,为此后儒家性情思想的发展别开生面。From the Northern Song Dynasty onwards,the issue of the relationship between"nature"and"temperament"was contentiously contested by the academic circles,and gradually divided into two mutually exclusive camps represented by Su Dongpo and Zhu Xi:First,the main temperament faction represented by Su Dongpo.This group takes the"seven temperaments"as its nature,attaches importance to human temperament,advocates true temperament,straightens one's temperament,and obtains physical and mental satisfaction through the free release of temperament.Second,the main nature represented by Zhuzi is a vein.This line recognizes the"four ends"as temperament,values human nature,and calls for the manifestation of nature,from the inside out,to show the inherent goodness,and to eliminate temptation and selfishness.As one of the Song scholars,Wang Chuanshan,tried to resolve the mutually exclusive mode of the two schools of Su Dongpo and Zhu Zi's view of nature and temperament,and he sentenced Su Dongpo to recognize the seven temperaments of"joy,anger,sorrow,love and evil"as his nature,and concluded that Zhu Zi took the nature of the four extremes of"compassion,shame,resignation,and right and wrong"as his temperament:if mixed temperament is the nature,then human feelings are blazing and material desires are rampant;Taking temperament with nature,too much highlighting the main position of nature,easy to fall into withering,lack of vitality.Subsequently,Wang Chuanshan,from the emphasis on the autonomy and initiative of temperament,and the vigilance and suppression of the evil of temperament with the good of nature,better demonstrated the golden mean of"nature"and"temperament",and realized the value shift from"two ends"to"neutralization",which made the development of Confucian nature and temperament thought unique.

关 键 词：苏轼 朱熹 王夫之 性情观 

分 类 号：B2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]