中枢α7烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体对认知功能的调控作用  

Regulation of Central Nervous Systemα7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor on Cognitive Function

作　　者：邓程程 孙德峰[1] 冯艳[1] DENG Chengcheng;SUN Defeng;FENG Yan(Department of Anesthesiology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University,Dalian 116011,China)

机构地区：[1]大连医科大学附属第一医院麻醉科,辽宁大连116011

出　　处：《医学综述》2022年第19期3789-3795,共7页Medical Recapitulate

基　　金：辽宁省教育厅科学研究经费项目(LZ2019018)。

摘　　要：术后认知功能障碍(POCD)与神经退行性疾病的发病机制具有一定的同源性,患者均表现为认知功能障碍,严重影响其生存质量。中枢胆碱能神经系统是影响认知功能的重要调节通路,α7烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体(α7nAChR)是一种离子通道型乙酰胆碱受体,在与认知功能关系密切的脑区(下丘脑、海马、丘脑、皮质等区域)表达密集,可通过调节其下游的细胞信号转导减少神经炎症、氧化应激及凋亡或增加自噬,以维持神经元稳态、防止神经元变性。通过激活α7nAChR保护神经元可能是预防并治疗POCD的潜在靶点。Postoperative cognitive dysfunction(POCD)has a certain homology with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases,and both the patients present with cognitive dysfunction,which seriously affects their quality of life.The central cholinergic nervous system is an important regulatory pathway affecting cognitive function.α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor(α7nAChR)is an ion channel type acetylcholine receptor,which is highly expressed in the brain regions closely related to cognitive function(such as hypothalamus,hippocampus,thalamus and cortex),to regulate the downstream cellular signal transduction to reduce neuroinflammation,oxidative stress,and apoptosis or increase autophagy,thus maintain neuronal homeostasis and prevent neuronal degeneration.Neuronal protection through activation ofα7nAChR may be a potential target for the prevention and treatment of POCD.

关 键 词：认知功能 Α7烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体 神经炎症 氧化应激 凋亡 淀粉样蛋白 自噬 

分 类 号：R749.16[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]