梁子湖流域水域景观格局演变及驱动因子分析  

Analysis on spatial patterns of water landscape changes and driving forces identification in Liangzi Lake basin

作　　者：唱彤 李慧 李云玲 CHANG Tong;LI Hui;LI Yunling(General Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Planning and Design,Ministry of Water Resources of China,Beijing 100120,China)

机构地区：[1]水利部水利水电规划设计总院,北京100120

出　　处：《南水北调与水利科技（中英文）》2023年第5期951-961,共11页South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0407206)。

摘　　要：为探究自然因素和人类活动对水域景观格局演变产生的影响,以水域空间演变为主线,通过空间计算、景观指数分析和统计分析等,对梁子湖流域2000—2020年水域转移状况、空间自相关特征、景观格局变化以及驱动因子进行研究。结果表明:2000—2020年梁子湖流域水域面积减少约21%,减少面积中约95%转为耕地,建筑用地面积增长超4倍,约90%来自耕地的转入;近10年水域空间聚集面积减少约23%,水域分布关联性正在减弱;水域景观特征在流域上下游差异显著,上游水域面积和形状基本稳定,聚集性和连通性均优于下游,下游水域面积萎缩近一半,阻隔作用明显,岸线趋于规整;降水、气温、GDP、人口以及耕地和建筑用地面积比例解释了水域景观变化的54.7%,城镇化进程和农业生产活动是主要影响因子,其中人口增长和耕地开发对水域面积萎缩贡献更大,GDP增长和城镇化进程对水域边界复杂度和连通性的影响更明显。研究结果可为梁子湖流域水域景观保护修复提供参考。Landscape pattern and its changes are of great importance to ecological processes and security in basin or region.Liangzi Lake is a typical well protected grassy shallow lake in China.It plays important roles of flood storage,water supply,gene pool,freshwater products supply and so on.However,due to continuous reclamations for farmlands and urbanization,problems related to water area shrinkage,ecological functional degeneration and landscape fragmentation are raising continuously.Exploring the dynamic changes of water landscape and its driving factors from the perspective of landscape pattern in whole basin would obtain in-deep understanding of landscape characteristics and provide scientific references of Liangzi Lake protection from basin-wide perspective.The methods of spatial analysis,landscape metrics analysis and biostatistical analysis are applied in this paper.Taking water landscape as the research object,transition matrix analysis is used to describe transitions between water area and other types of land use during study phase.Aggregation feature and outlier distribution of water area are studied through spatial autocorrelation analysis.Landscape metrics analysis is used to express the features of area,shape,aggregation and connectivity quantitively,while redundancy analysis is employed to seek for the driving forces of dynamics changes.From 2000 to 2020,farmland area remained unchanged basically,while water area showed 21%decrease because of water coverage being reclaimed for use as farmlands.Urban area increased by more than 4 times by means of farmlands transferred into.Water area clustered spatially with a weakening trend.The distribution of High value aggregation and Low value aggregation in water area got more fragmented,and the area of Not Significant type increased by 40%in last decade.PLAND and LPI of water area had trend of increasing followed by trend of decreasing.PD dropped gradually with an obvious decline of LSI.There were significant differences between upper and lower basin-PLAND and LPI

关 键 词：水域空间 空间自相关 景观格局 驱动因子 梁子湖流域 

分 类 号：P96[天文地球—自然地理学] X143[环境科学与工程—环境科学]