牦牛日粮精粗比转换对瘤胃微生物菌群的影响  

Effect of dietary concentrate to forage ratio conversion on rumen microbial flora in yaks

作　　者：李毓敏 聂洪辛 庞凯悦 柴沙驼[1,2,3] 曾子铭 刘书杰 杨英魁[1,2,3] 王书祥 LI Yu-min;NIE Hong-xin;PANG Kai-yue;CHAI Sha-tuo;ZENG Zi-ming;LIU Shu-jie;YANG Ying-kui;WANG Shu-xiang

机构地区：[1]青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,青海西宁810016 [2]青海省高原放牧家畜动物营养与饲料科学重点实验室,青海西宁810016 [3]青海省牦牛工程技术研究中心,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《饲料研究》2023年第20期7-12,共6页Feed Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(项目编号:2018YFD0502301)。

摘　　要：试验旨在比较牦牛日粮精粗比转换对牦牛瘤胃微生物菌群及代谢的影响。选取6头体重相近、体况良好、健康的3周岁公牦牛。前2个月牦牛饲喂精粗比为35∶65的日粮(C35组),后2个月牦牛饲喂精粗比为65∶35的日粮(C65组)。预试期15 d,正式试验期120 d。结果显示,C35组牦牛的谱系多样性(PD whole tree)值、Chao1指数显著高于C65组(P<0.05)。C35组牦牛瘤胃脱硫菌门相对丰度极显著高于C65组(P<0.01),C35组瘤胃疣微生物门相对丰度显著高于C65组(P<0.05)。C35组牦牛瘤胃UCG-005和未培养属丰度极显著高于C65组(P<0.01),C65组瘤胃普氏菌科UCG-003属丰度显著高于C35组(P<0.05),C35组牦牛瘤胃未培养细菌属丰度显著高于C65组(P<0.05)。C35组牦牛信号分子和相互作用、耐药性:抗菌的基因家族KEGG2水平显著高于C65组(P<0.05)。C35组和C65组牦牛瘤胃菌群的厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门的相对丰度最高。研究表明,牦牛饲喂后期转化为高精料后,会影响牦牛瘤胃微生物生长繁殖,使瘤胃微生物菌群的丰度和多样性呈现出不同程度的降低,日粮中精料比例的改变可促使牦牛瘤胃微生物菌群的代谢通路发生改变,最终影响牦牛瘤胃的发酵模式。The experiment was to compare the effect of switching concentrate to forage ratio of diets on rumen microflora and metabolism of yaks.Six healthy three-year-old male yaks of similar weight and good body condition were selected.Yaks were fed a diet with a concentrate to forage ratio of 35∶65 for the first two months(C35 group),and a diet with a concentrate to forage ratio of 65∶35 for the second two months(C65 group).The experimental pre-feeding period was 15 d,and the formal experimental period was 120 d.The results showed that PD whole tree values,Chao1 index of yaks in C35 group were significantly higher than those of C65 group(P<0.05).The relative abundance of Desulfovibrio phyla in C35 group was extremely higher in than that of C65 group(P<0.01).The warty microorganisms of C35 group was significantly higher than that of C65 group(P<0.05).The abundance of UCG-005 and uncultured genera of C35 group was extremely higher than that of C65 group(P<0.01),and the abundance of UCG-003 genus of Proteobacteriaceae of C65 group was significantly higher than that of C35 group(P<0.05).The abundance of uncultured bacterial genera in C35 group was significantly higher than in C65 group(P<0.05).The gene family KEGG2 level of signaling molecules and interactions,drug resistance:Antibacterial in C35 group was significantly higher than that in C65 group(P<0.05).The Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes of the rumen microbiota of yaks in C35 group and C65 group were the highest.The study indicates that when yaks are converted to high concentrate at the later stage of feeding,the growth and reproduction of rumen microorganisms in yaks are affected,and the abundance and diversity of rumen microorganisms are reduced to varying degrees.The transformation of concentrate proportion in diet can change the metabolic pathways of rumen microorganisms in yaks,and finally affect the fermentation mode of rumen.

关 键 词：牦牛 精粗比 瘤胃 细菌菌群 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]