崇明东滩鸟类栖息地优化区海三棱藨草野外恢复实践  

Field practice of Scirpus mariqueter restoration in the bird habitats of Chongming Dongtan Wetland,China

作　　者：张群 李博[2,3] ZHANG Qun;LI Bo(Shanghai Academy of Landscape Architecture Science and Planning/Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Landscaping on Challenging Urban Sites/Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Ecological Landscaping of Challenging Urban Sites,Shanghai 200232,China;Institute of Biodiversity Science,School of Life Sciences,Fudan University/National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering,Shanghai 200438,China;Institute of Biodiversity,School of Ecology and Environmental Science,Yunnan University/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China and Centre for Invasion Biology,Kunming 650504,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市园林科学规划研究院/上海城市困难立地绿化工程技术研究中心/城市困难立地生态园林国家林业和草原局重点实验室,上海200232 [2]复旦大学生命科学学院生物多样性科学研究所/长江河口湿地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站/生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室,上海200438 [3]云南大学生态与环境学院生物多样性研究院/云南大学西南跨境生态安全教育部重点实验室和入侵生物学研究中心,昆明650504

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2023年第10期2663-2671,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC2601100);上海市自然科学基金面上项目(20ZR1452900)资助。

摘　　要：中国滨海盐沼湿地受损严重,人工修复策略已成为保护滨海生境的主要措施之一。本研究探讨了在长江口上海崇明东滩鸟类国家级自然保护区,互花米草控制和鸟类栖息地优化工程项目内空白生境的本土盐沼植物高效恢复技术。通过野外小试和中试试验,分析了长江口盐沼湿地建群种海三棱藨草恢复过程中繁殖体种类和移植方式对恢复效率的影响,并评估了不同恢复策略的恢复成本和效率。结果表明:1)海三棱藨草球茎苗耐淹性较强,适用于环境异质性较高的优化区;2)在4种恢复海三棱藨草群落的处理中,最经济高效的处理为无泥低密度球茎苗的移植方式,其每公顷的投入成本约为10100元。相较之下,无泥高密度、带泥低密度及带泥高密度的处理每公顷所需成本分别为41100、30000和120100元;3)经过近5年的努力,海三棱藨草群落在崇明东滩优化区C3区域覆盖度已超过60%,是相对成功的大规模野外恢复示范。本研究可为大规模滨海盐沼植物的恢复工程提供依据及支撑。The coastal saltmarshes in China have been seriously degraded and artificial restoration strategies have become one of the primary measures to protect the coastal habitats.In this study,we investigated efficient restoration techniques for native saltmarsh plants in vacant habitats within the project area of the Ecological Control of Spartina alterniflora and Improvement of Birds Habitats in the Shanghai Chongming Dongtan Bird National Nature Reserve in the Yangtze Estuary.Through field and pilot experiments,we analyzed the effects of propagule types and transplanting methods on the restoration efficiency of Scirpus mariqueter,a dominant saltmarsh species in the Yangtze Estuary.We further evaluated the cost and efficiency of various restoration strategies.Our results indicated that:1)The corm seedlings of S.mariqueter had higher flood tolerance,and were suitable for use in the habitats with higher environmental heterogeneity.2)Across the four treatments for S.mariqueter restoration,the most economically efficient treatment was to transplant low-density corm seedlings without sediment,with an investment cost of approximately￥10100 per hectare.The costs were￥41100,￥30000,and￥120100 per hectare for high-density without sediment,low-density with sediment,and high-density with sediment restoration,respectively.3)After nearly 5-yr efforts,the S.mariqueter community of Plot C3 in project area had achieved a coverage of over 60%,marking a relatively successful large-scale field restoration.This study could provide the foundation and support for large-scale coastal saltmarsh restoration projects.

关 键 词：盐沼植被 种群恢复 繁殖体 恢复效率 崇明东滩 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学] X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]