生态环境损害赔偿视域下的近海非法捕捞大数据分析  

Big data analysis of coastal illegal fishing from the perspective of compensation of ecological and environmental damage

作　　者：张琥顺 仲霞铭[2] 熊瑛[2] 吴晓睿 ZHANG Hushun;ZHONG Xiaming;XIONG Ying;WU Xiaorui(College of Marine Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute,Nantong 226007,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [2]江苏省海洋水产研究所,江苏南通226007

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2023年第10期2827-2834,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31802297)资助。

摘　　要：为探究中国近海非法捕捞状况,了解生态环境损害赔偿制度在该领域的落实情况,本研究基于中国裁判文书网公开发布的大数据,对2018—2022年的近海非法捕捞案件相关信息进行统计分析,提出以下观点:1)近海非法捕捞因区域差异表现出繁多的具体形态,相关研究重心依然需围绕违法性质和影响程度展开,宜以电捕类和拖网类为切入点;2)应重视耙刺类渔具的非法渔获重量及涉案价值呈增加的趋势,建议优化调整渔业管理方式,从根源上避免此类非法捕捞案件的发生;3)评估模式构成多样导致损害赔偿金的计算充满不确定性,应着力于建立健全的损害评估及价值量化规范;4)补偿放流是应用最多的生态修复措施,但其科学指导不足,应聚焦“修复”进行“补偿”设计,同时探索更多修复措施的操作可能性。Illegal fishing is one of the sources of marine ecological damage.The implementation of compensation of ecological and environmental damage in this field is poorly understood.In this study,we examined data pertaining to coastal illegal fishing cases during 2018-2022 using the big data publicly made available by China Judgement Online.The main results included:1)there are numerous types of illegal fishing,and more efforts should focus on the nature and extent of illegal fishing,with electrofishing and trawl being suitable entry points;2)Special attention should be paid to the variation characteristics of rakes in the range of high illegal catch weight and value.It was suggested to optimize and adjust its management mode to avoid the frequent occurrence of such illegal fishing cases of rake;3)The varieties of assessment models increased the uncertainty of damages computation,which might be reduced by establishing strong criteria for value quantification and damage assessment;4)There is limited scientific support for the compensation for releasing the most popular ecological restoration technique for illegal fishing.As a result,the“compensation”design for“restoration”should be implemented,while the potential for additional restoration methods should be investigated.

关 键 词：生态环境 损害赔偿 近海非法捕捞 渔业管理 生态修复 

分 类 号：S973.15[农业科学—捕捞与储运] D922.4[农业科学—水产科学] D922.68[政治法律—法学]