论起诉条件的有限实质审查  

Analysis on the Limited Substantive Review of Requirements on Initiating Civil Litigations

作　　者：段厚省[1] DUAN Housheng

机构地区：[1]复旦大学法学院

出　　处：《法治研究》2023年第6期102-114,共13页Research on Rule of Law

基　　金：互联网法治研究院(杭州)委托项目“当事人恶意创设管辖连接点的司法应对研究”阶段性成果。

摘　　要：我国《民事诉讼法》将诉讼要件规定在起诉条件中,导致起诉条件标准过高。2015年最高法院推行登记立案制以来,实务中对于当事人的起诉已多采形式审查的做法,从而在实践层面降低了立案难度。近年来,滥用诉权和虚假诉讼现象有所增加,对当事人起诉进行有限实质审查可以在一定程度上遏制这一现象。也即在因案件疑难复杂,通过形式审查难以判断其是否符合起诉条件、是否存在滥用诉权和虚假诉讼的情形下,可以在形式审查之外,进行有限的实质审查。在采有限实质审查的做法时,应进一步完善立案审查的程序机制,例如建立相应的听证程序,同时完善相应的纠错机制和救济机制的程序构造,以充分保障当事人诉权。Civil Procedure Law in China stipulates the elements of litigation in the requirements of initiating a litigation,resulting in an excessively high standard of initiating civil litigations.Since the Supreme Court launched the registration system in 2015,more formalistic reviews have been adopted in practice,thus reducing the difficulty of initiating litigations at the practical level.In recent years,increasing incidents of abuse of the right to sue and sham litigation have highlighted the need for substantive review within a limited scope.That is,in complicated cases where formalistic review can hardly determine whether it meets the requirements of initiating litigations and whether there is abuse of right to sue or sham litigation,a limited substantive review can be conducted in addition to a formalistic review.When adopting the limited substantive review,the related procedural mechanism should be further improved,which includes establishing the corresponding hearing procedures,improving the corresponding error correction mechanism and relief mechanism,so as to fully protect the litigation rights of the parties.

关 键 词：起诉条件 诉讼要件 立案审查 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]