茶园有机肥替代化肥对土壤养分和茶叶产量与品质的影响  

Effects of Organic Fertilizer Replacement on Soil Nutrients in Tea Garden and Yield-quality of Tea Plant

作　　者：疏再发 吉庆勇 邵静娜 郑生宏 周慧娟 何卫中 SHU Zaifa;JI Qingyong;SHAO Jingna;ZHENG Shenghong;ZHOU Huijuan;HE Weizhong(Lishui Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Lishui,Zhejiang 323000,China)

机构地区：[1]丽水市农林科学研究院,浙江丽水323000

出　　处：《园艺学报》2023年第10期2207-2219,共13页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：丽水市科技计划项目(2020GYX14,2021GYX09);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-19)。

摘　　要：以‘景白1号’茶树品种为试验材料,通过不施肥、常规施肥、100%施化肥、30%有机肥替代化肥和100%有机肥替代化肥5个处理,研究对茶园土壤养分和茶叶产量与品质影响。3年的试验结果表明,施肥处理显著提高茶园土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾和有效镁等含量,并提高了茶树对N、P、K、Mg等元素的吸收量,但有机肥替代处理下茶树对各元素吸收呈现不同趋势。施肥处理均提高了茶叶产量,其中30%有机肥替代化肥处理增产最显著,3年平均增产27.28%。此外,不同施肥结构对茶叶品质成分的影响不同。与不施肥相比,各施肥处理不同程度地促进了茶叶游离氨基酸的累积,降低茶叶酚氨比;不同施肥结构作用于茶树3年后,GA、EC、EGCG、EC、酯型儿茶素、非酯型儿茶素及总儿茶素等含量降低,常规施肥和30%有机肥替代化肥处理较不施肥处理茶叶咖啡碱含量有所提高。同时,施肥处理提高茶叶氨基酸含量,且30%有机肥替代化肥处理提高幅度更明显。试验结果综合表明,30%有机肥替代化肥处理能够在提高茶叶产量的同时提升茶叶品质。The effect of soil nutrients and tea yield and quality to different fertilization structures was studied by using the‘Jingbai 1’tea cultivar as experimental material through five fertilization treatments:no fertilization,conventional fertilization,100%chemical fertilizer fertilization,30%organic fertilizer substitution and 100%organic fertilizer substitution.The results of three-year experiment showed that fertilization treatments significantly increased the contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen(N),available phosphorus(P),available potassium(K)and available magnesium(Mg),and increased the absorption of N,P,K and Mg.Whereas organic fertilizer substitution treatment showed divergent variation in nutrient absorption.Meanwhile,fertilization treatments displayed a positive effect on tea yield.30%organic fertilizer substitution treatment revealed the highest increase in tea yield with a 27.28%average increase in the three years.In addition,the components of tea quality showed diverse responses to different treatments.When compared with no fertilization,other fertilization treatments promoted the accumulation of free amino acids,decreased the polyphenol/amino acids.After three years,compared to no fertilization treatment,other fertilization treatments decreased the contents of GA,EC,EGCG,EC,ester catechin,Non-ester catechin and total catechin.Furthermore,conventional fertilization and 30%organic fertilizer substitution treatments increased the caffeine content compared with no fertilization treatment.Meanwhile,fertilization treatment increased the content of umami amino acid,organic fertilizer substitution treatment increased obviously.In summary,the results showed that 30%organic fertilizer substitution treatment can effectively improve the tea yield and quality.

关 键 词：施肥结构 土壤养分 茶叶产量 茶叶品质 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]