甜瓜镰刀菌果腐病菌拮抗菌筛选及其拮抗性研究  

Screening of Antagonistic Bacteria Against Fusarium spp.Causing Melon Fruit Rot and the Antagonistic Properties

作　　者：何亚芳 包慧芳[2] 王宁[2] 詹发强[2] 张学军[3] 史应武[2] 杨蓉[2] 侯新强[2] 龙宣杞[2] HE Yafang;BAO Huifang;WANG Ning;ZHAN Faqiang;ZHANG Xuejun;SHI Yingwu;YANGRong;HOU Xinqiang;LONG Xuanqi(College of Life Sciences and Technology,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830046,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Environmental Microbilogy,Institute of Microbiology,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China;The Research Center of Hami-melon,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆大学生命科学与技术学院,乌鲁木齐830046 [2]新疆农业科学院微生物应用研究所,新疆特殊环境微生物重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830091 [3]新疆农业科学院哈密瓜研究中心,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《园艺学报》2023年第10期2257-2270,共14页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区科技援疆项目(2020E02094);农业科技创新稳定支持项目(xjnkywdzc-2022004)。

摘　　要：以新疆喀什地区伽师县盐碱地土壤为材料,通过平板对峙法和琼脂扩散法筛选获得对腐皮镰刀菌(Fusarium solani)BM1具有显著拮抗作用的菌株JS6-1和JS3-4。两菌株发酵上清液对甜瓜果腐病病原菌的抑菌圈直径分别为22.90和21.05 mm,通过形态学观察、生理生化试验和16s rRNA基因序列分析初步鉴定为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌Bacillus velezensis JS6-1和暹罗芽孢杆菌Bacillus siamensis JS3-4。抑菌谱测定结果表明两株菌对尖孢镰刀菌Fusarium oxysporum KW1、香梨黑斑病菌链格孢菌Alternatia alternata HB2、香梨腐烂病菌Valsa mali var.pyri FL1等9种植物病原菌均有较强的抑制作用。酶活及产铁载体测定结果表明,两株菌可产生纤维素酶、蛋白酶、淀粉酶、葡聚糖酶和铁载体等物质。采用酸沉淀法提取两株菌脂肽类物质,并以腐皮镰刀菌Fusarium solani BM1为指示菌进行抑菌试验结果表明,两株菌脂肽类粗提物对病原菌的抑菌圈直径分别为20.55和19.05 mm,对病原菌孢子萌发抑制率分别为100%和93.77%。综上,拮抗菌JS6-1和JS3-4对镰刀菌属病原菌具有较好的拮抗效果,具有进一步开发为生防菌剂的潜力。In this study,the antagonistic bacteria JS6-1 and JS3-4 against Fusarium solani BM1 were screened from the saline-alkali soil of Jiashi County,Kashgar,Xinjiang by plate confrontation method and the agar diffusion method.The diameters of the inhibition zone of the melon and fruit rot pathogens were 22.90 and 21.05 mm,respectively.JS6-1 and JS3-4 were identified as Bacillus velezensis and Bacillus siamensis by morphological observation,physiological and biochemical tests as well as 16s rRNA gene sequence analysis,respectively.The results of bacteriostatic spectrum showed that the two strains had strong inhibitory effect to nine plant pathogens,such as Fusarium oxysporum KW1,Alternatia alternata HB2,fragrant pear rot pathogen Valsa mali var.pyri FL1 and so on.The results of enzyme activity and iron carrier determination showed that the two strains could produce cellulase,protease,amylase,glucanase and iron carrier.Lipopeptides of two strains were extracted by acid precipitation method,and bacteriostatic experiments were carried out against Fusarium solani BM1.The results showed that the diameters of bacteriostatic zone of the lipopeptides were 20.55 and 19.05 mm,and the inhibition rate against spore germination of pathogenic bacteria were 100%and 93.77%,respectively.In conclusion,JS6-1 and JS3-4 have good antagonistic effect against Fusarium solani and are expected to be used in the biological control of melon fruit rot.

关 键 词：甜瓜 镰刀菌 果腐病 生防菌 采后保鲜 

分 类 号：S652[农业科学—果树学]