亲子关系异议之诉的解释论展开——以《民法典》第一千零七十三条为中心  

Interpretation Theory Elaboration of the Objection Lawsuit Against Parent-child Relationship——Based on Article 1073 of the Civil Code

作　　者：刘颖 谢妮轩 Liu Ying;Xie Nixuan(Law School,Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Beijing,100191)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学法学院,北京100191

出　　处：《河南财经政法大学学报》2023年第6期114-125,共12页Journal of Henan University of Economics and Law

基　　金：2020年国家社科基金青年项目“民事执行法典化背景下对债权的执行制度研究”(项目编号:20CFX030)、2022年中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目“民事强制执行法的立法难点问题研究”(项目编号:YWF-22-W-128)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《民法典》第一千零七十三条创设了亲子关系异议之诉制度,但对于其当事人资格和起诉条件,理论和实务中已显现较大分歧。基于我国实体法的制度背景,亲子关系异议之诉应当定性为确认之诉,目的在于消除亲子关系的不安定性,区别于比较法上作为形成之诉的婚生否认之诉、子女认领之诉及亲子关系撤销之诉。父或者母、未成年子女以及成年子女作为亲子关系的主体具有当然的原告资格,起诉时应选择亲子关系主体的相对人为被告;亲子关系主体之外权利直接受影响的利害关系人例外地享有原告资格,起诉时应当以亲子关系双方主体为共同被告。《民法典》第一千零七十三条中的“正当理由”不是特别起诉条件,其核心内涵在于确认利益。法院应当以确认对象的现实性和即时确定的必要性为判断标准,通过争点整理程序进行确认利益的个案认定,从而实现血缘真实与家庭和谐的价值平衡。Article 1073 of the Civil Code created the objection lawsuit against parent-child relationship,but there appears great differences in theory and practice about the qualifications of the parties and the requirements of suing.Based on the institutional background of China’s substantive law,the objection lawsuit against parent-child relationship should be characterized as declaratory judgment,which the purpose is to eliminate the instability of the parent-child relationship and different from the formation lawsuit in the comparative law such as the lawsuit of denial of marriage,the claim of the child and the claim of withdrawal of paternity.The father or mother,minor children and adult children as the subject of the parent-child relationship have the status of plaintiff of course,and the opposite party of the subject of the parent-child relationship shall be selected as the defendant when suing;the interested party other than the subjects of the parent-child relationship whose rights are directly affected by the subject of the parent-child relationship shall exceptionally enjoy the status of plaintiff,and both subjects of the parent-child relationship shall be co-defendants when suing.“Just cause”is not a special requirement of suing,but its core connotation is the confirmation of interests.The court should take the reality of the object of recognition and the necessity of immediate determination as the standard of judgment,and make the determination of the recognition of interest in individual case through the procedure of sorting out the controversial points,so as to achieve the value balance of blood truth and family harmony.

关 键 词：亲子关系异议之诉 确认之诉 确认利益 原告资格 正当理由 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]