有缝线路钢轨接头病害视觉检测及治理技术  

Visual inspection and treatment technology for rail joint defects on jointed track

作　　者：胡永魁 耿师全 苑红伟[2] 夏飞 李亚峰 HU Yongkui;GENG Shiquan;YUAN Hongwei;XIA Fei;LI Yafeng(Department of Railway Transportation of Yongmei Coal Group,Yongcheng 476600,Henan,China;School of Mines,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]永煤集团股份有限公司铁路运输处,河南永城476600 [2]中国矿业大学矿业工程学院,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《金属功能材料》2023年第5期54-60,共7页Metallic Functional Materials

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(4227040173)。

摘　　要：研究有缝线路钢轨接头病害视觉检测及治理技术,提高有缝线路钢轨接头病害检测和治理能力,为铁路部门管理提供科学指导方案。通过视觉采集设备CMOS相机采集有缝线路钢轨接头原始图像,经改进中值滤波去除原始图像脉冲噪声后,利用灰度值一维化方法定位有缝线路钢轨接头位置,经HOG-LBP方法提取有缝线路钢轨接头图像特征并融合,将融合后特征作为支持向量机输入,通过分类融合特征,实现有缝线路钢轨接头病害检测,依据接头病害检测结果,通过制定磨焊、增加接头弹性和按照桥式接头夹板等技术,完成有缝线路钢轨接头病害治理。实验结果表明:应用该方法可有效去除采集有缝线路钢轨接头图像中脉冲噪声点,检测出有缝线路钢轨接头病害;该方法可降低接头平均轮轨冲击力以及轨枕振动加速度,有效保护钢轨接头,提高钢轨接头病害治理能力。Research visual inspection and treatment technology for rail joint defects on seam lines,improve the inspection and treatment capabilities of rail joint defects on seam lines,and provide scientific guidance schemes for railway department management.The original image of the rail joint on a seam line is collected using a CMOS camera,a visual acquisition device.After removing the pulse noise from the original image through improved median filtering,the position of the rail joint on the seam line is located using a one-dimensional grayscale value method.The HOG-LBP method is used to extract and fuse the image features of the rail joint on the seam line.The fused features are input as support vector machines,and the defect detection of the rail joint on the seam line is realized by classifying and fusing the features,Based on the joint disease detection results,through the development of grinding welding,increasing joint elasticity,and using bridge type joint splints and other technologies,complete the treatment of rail joint disease on seam lines.The experimental results show that this method can effectively remove impulse noise points in the collected images of rail joints on seam lines,and detect rail joint defects on seam lines.This method can reduce the average wheel rail impact force and sleeper vibration acceleration of the joint,effectively protect the rail joint,and improve the ability to treat rail joint diseases.

关 键 词：有缝线路 钢轨接头 病害视觉检测 治理技术 图像预处理 SVM分类 

分 类 号：TG115[金属学及工艺—物理冶金] U216.3[金属学及工艺—金属学]