上海市杨浦区3~6岁学龄前儿童屈光状态调查  

Refraction of Preschool Children aged 3 to 6 Years in Yangpu District of Shanghai

作　　者：冯建秀 姜敏敏 冯彦清 王宏 王佳 王婷 孙祖贤 张梦佳 朱希倩 Feng Jianxiu;Jiang Minmin;Feng Yanqing;Wang Hong;Wang Jia;Wang Ting;Sun Zuxian;Zhang Mengjia;Zhu Xiqian(Shanghai Yangpu District Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Institute/Shanghai Yangpu District Kongjiang Hospital,Shanghai,200082,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市杨浦区眼病防治所/上海市杨浦区控江医院,上海200082

出　　处：《中国初级卫生保健》2023年第9期27-30,共4页Chinese Primary Health Care

摘　　要：目的:调查上海市杨浦区3~6岁学龄前儿童屈光状态及屈光不正检出率,为儿童视力保护措施的制定提供依据。方法:2018—2019年采用简单随机抽样方法随机选取上海市杨浦区36所幼儿园3~6岁学龄前儿童2419人,对其进行扩瞳后屈光检查。结果:杨浦区3~6岁学龄前儿童右眼平均等效球镜度数(SE)为(1.22±0.81)D,3岁、4岁、5岁、6岁学龄前儿童右眼平均SE分别为(1.31±0.84)D、(1.30±0.76)D、(1.17±0.84)D和(1.06±0.80)D,儿童右眼平均SE随年龄增长呈下降趋势。3~6岁学龄前儿童屈光不正状态以轻度远视为主,占75.53%;近视率较低,为2.32%,近视率随年龄的增长而升高;远视率为13.23%,散光率为19.39%,远视率和散光率均随年龄增长而降低。结论:杨浦区3~6岁学龄前儿童屈光不正以轻度远视为主,近视率较低,但各年龄组儿童的平均SE和屈光不正检出率存在差异,学龄前儿童随年龄增长屈光发育变化明显。应加强对杨浦区各年龄段学龄前儿童屈光状态的动态监测工作,及时发现学龄前儿童视力变化及屈光不正状态并进行尽早干预。OBJECTIVE To investigate the refraction and to examine the prevalence of refractive errors in preschool children aged 3 to 6 years in Yangpu district,Shanghai.METHODS A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Yangpu district of Shanghai from 2018 to 2019.It randomly selected 2419 preschool children aged 3 to 6 years old.RESULTS The mean SE in the right eye of preschool children aged 3,4,5 and 6 years old were(1.31±0.84)D,(1.30±0.76)D,(1.17±0.84)D and(1.06±0.80)D,respectively,and the mean SE in the right eye decreased with age.The children underwent comprehensive eye examinations,including cycloplegic refraction measurements.The mean SE for 3 to 6 years old children in Yangpu district was(1.22±0.81)D.The main refractive state was mild hyperopia(75.53%),and the prevalence of myopia was low(2.32%).The prevalence of myopia gradually increased with age.The prevalence of hyperopia and astigmatism was 13.23% and 19.39%,respectively.The prevalence of hyperopia and astigmatism decreased gradually with the increase of age.CONCLUSION Preschool children aged 3 to 6 years in Yangpu district of Shanghai were mostly mildly hyperopic,with a low prevalence of myopia.But the average SE and refractive errors were different among all age groups.The changes of preschool children's refractive development are obvious,so it is necessary to strengthen the dynamic monitoring of the refractive state of preschool children at all ages in Yangpu district,and timely detect preschool myopia and the premature end of emmetropia.

关 键 词：学龄前儿童 近视 远视 散光 屈光不正 

分 类 号：R778[医药卫生—眼科]