“不死者”之“未来”--论梁启超的《世界末日记》与《新中国未来记》  

"The Future"of"Immortals"--On Liang Qichao's A Note of The End of the World and The Future of New China

作　　者：张杨 ZHANG Yang(Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences,Jinling Institute of Technology,Nanjing 210038,China)

机构地区：[1]金陵科技学院人文学院,江苏南京210038

出　　处：《海南师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第5期37-44,共8页Journal of Hainan Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：江苏省高校哲学社会科学研究一般项目“中国科幻电影的末日想象”(2023SJYB0597)。

摘　　要：1902年,《新小说》创刊号上刊登了梁启超所作的《新中国未来记》与所译的《世界末日记》,此前书目预告中的《世界未来记》却并未出现。对于以激励爱国精神为宗旨之刊物的创刊号而言,“末日”的出现值得深究,其所体现的是梁启超在“末日”与“未来”之间所建构的逻辑理路。梁启超运用佛教及进化论思想对源自基督教的“末日”观念进行了改造,借用“无量”“世相续”“生死”“进化”等观念,将“末日”重新阐释成一种过渡环节,一种历史进化中的“劫”,同时也是“未来”的起点。在“末日”通向“未来”的过程中,“不死者”发挥了关键作用,这“不死者”既是一种精神,也是一种行动,且唯有在进化的时间之流中才有意义。梁启超在“末日”与“未来”之间所架起的这座桥梁颇为重要,它意味着重塑现实是可能的,也即,在面对中国向何处去这样的问题时,作为行动或准则的“不死者”将使历史的可能走向得以显明。“末日”与“未来”在《新小说》上的同框体现了以梁启超为代表的近现代知识分子在复杂的历史境遇中为探求中国道路所作出的努力。In 1902,A Note of the End of the World translated by Liang Qichao was published on the first issue of The New Novel,rather than The Future of the World,which was previously forecast.For the inaugural issue of a journal aimed at inspiring patriotism,such a change is worth exploring,as it embodies Liang Qichao's logical path constructed between"the end"and"the future".Liang Qichao employed Buddhist and evolutionary ideas to trans-form the concept of the"doomsday"derived from Christianity,borrowing such concepts as"infinity","continuity of the world","life and death",and"evolution"to reinterpret"doomsday"as a transitional link,a"calamity"in the historical evolution,and as the starting point of the"future".The immortal plays a key role in the process from the"doomsday"to the"future",which is both a spirit and an action,and only makes sense in the evolutionary flow of time.Liang Qichao's construction of the relationship between"the doomsday"and"the future"is important;it means that it is possible to reshape reality,that is,when faced with the future of China,the"immortal",as an ac-tion or a norm,would clarify the possible course of history.The simultaneous appearance of"the doomsday"and"the future"in The New Novel reflects the efforts made by modern intellectuals represented by Liang Qichao to ex-plore the Chinese path in a complex historical situation.

关 键 词：“不死者” “未来” 梁启超 《世界末日记》 《新中国未来记》 

分 类 号：I206.6[文学—中国文学]