需要的冲突与人的美好生活  

Needs Conflict and Good Life

作　　者：宁全荣 刘科 NING Quan-rong;LIU Ke

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学马克思主义学院,北京100084 [2]上海理工大学马克思主义学院,上海200027

出　　处：《湖北大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第6期1-8,173,共9页Journal of Hubei University(Philosophy and Social Science)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“当代能力理论研究”(20FZXB052)。

摘　　要：在美好生活的判定标准问题上,政治哲学领域的快乐主义、欲望理论以及客观列表理论都不同程度上放弃了需要概念,马克思主义价值论则认为放弃需要概念就无法从根本上说明价值的起源以及忽视实现美好生活的各种因素相互冲突的复杂张力。在马克思主义价值论视域中,生活是否美好是主体对优势需要是否得到满足的价值评价,而在满足需要的过程中,一定会造成主体自身以及与他人的需要冲突:主体某些需要的满足以个体暂时延缓或永久牺牲其他需要的满足为代价,也会对他人需要的满足形成不同程度的影响。在人际需要冲突的图景中,美好生活的实现涉及何种需要优先以及谁之需要优先的问题。对于何种需要优先,个体要提高对需要满足结果的认知能力,反思需要的目的以及优势需要的内容是否合理,追求享受生活与能力发展的合理统一;对于谁之需要优先,政府要提供充足的满足基本需要所需的资料,并明晰调和需要冲突的价值原则,注重分配正义,以及发挥全过程民主的商谈作用,提供人民广泛参与美好生活的政治活动机制和平台。In terms of the criteria for determining a good life,hedonism,desire fulfillment theory,and objective list theory have all abandoned the concept of need to varying degrees,while Marxist value theory believes that abandoning the concept of need cannot fundamentally explain the origin of value and ignore the complex tension of conflicting factors in achieving a good life.In the perspective of Marxist value theory,the good life is the value evaluation of whether the subject s advantageous needs are met.In the process of meeting needs,it will inevitably cause conflicts between the subject s own and others needs:the satisfaction of certain needs of the subject is at the cost of individuals temporarily delaying or permanently sacrificing the satisfaction of other needs in himself,and it will also have varying degrees of impact on the satisfaction of others needs.In the context of interpersonal conflicts,the realization of the good life involves the question of what needs to be prioritized and who needs to be prioritized.For what needs to be prioritized,individuals need to improve their cognitive ability to meet the results of needs,reflect on whether the purpose of needs and the content of advantageous needs are reasonable,and pursue the rational unity of enjoying life and ability development.For those who need priority,the government should provide sufficient information to meet basic needs,clarify the value principles of reconciling conflicts of needs,focus on distributive justice,and play the role of democratic negotiation throughout the entire process,provide a political activity mechanism and platform for people to widely participate in the good life.

关 键 词：马克思主义价值论 美好生活 需要 价值主体性 分配正义 

分 类 号：B82[哲学宗教—伦理学] B018