北方边疆民族地区居民家庭食物消费特征的变迁:基于内蒙古达茂旗的入户跟踪调查  

Evolution of Household Food Consumption in Northern Frontier Ethnic Areas:Based on The Household Tracking Survey in Damao Banner of Inner Mongolia

作　　者：陈晨 程林 韩红珠 CHEN Chen;CHENG Lin;HAN Hong-zhu(School of Tourism&Research Institute of Human Geography,Xi’an International Studies University,Xi’an 710128,China;School of Geography and Tourism,Shanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710119,China)

机构地区：[1]西安外国语大学旅游学院人文地理研究所,西安710128 [2]陕西师范大学地理科学与旅游学院,西安710119

出　　处：《中国食物与营养》2023年第10期45-51,共7页Food and Nutrition in China

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基金项目(项目编号:2021JQ-770);国家自然科学基金项目(项目编号:41601158)。

摘　　要：目的:以内蒙古达茂旗为例,根据食物消费和供给的核算结果,探讨北方边疆民族地区居民家庭食物消费特征的变迁,并对其食物消费合理性进行评估。方法:通过居民家庭食物消费的入户跟踪调查,借助食物图谱和回顾性调查,采集不同阶段居民家庭食物消费和供给数据。结果:居民家庭人均食物消费量不断增加,其中动物性食物占比越来越高,植物性食物不断减少。食物消费结构从高度单一化向低度多元化发展,食物供给以乳肉自给自足、粮食外部计划调入并重的形式转变为以市场综合调配为主、乳肉自给自足为辅。计划经济时期家庭的食物自产能力是家庭食物消费综合差异形成的关键。改革开放以来,居民家庭食物消费综合差异取决于家庭所在地是否为城镇化地区、家庭饮食决定人所属民族及家庭可支配收入水平。结论:居民家庭食物消费存在较明显的结构不平衡、摄入量不均及热量偏高等营养健康问题,导致肥胖、糖尿病、高血压及心脏病等疾病发生率不断增加。因此,有必要从食物生产能力、物流运输与市场通达性,以及膳食营养指导等角度对北方边疆民族地区居民膳食进行多层次的精确引导和干预。【Objective】Taking Damao Banner of Inner Mongolia as an example,this paper discussed the changes of food consumption characteristics of households in the northern border ethnic areas according to the accounting results of food consumption and supply,and evaluated the rationality of food consumption.【Method】Based on household tracking survey on household food consumption,through food atlas and retrospective survey,this paper collected data on food consumption and supply of households at different stages.【Result】Average household food consumption was increasing,and the proportion of animal food consumption was gradually increasing,while the plant food is decreasing.The food consumption structure has gradually evolved from a high degree of simplification to a low degree of diversification.The food supply was mainly in the form of milk and meat self-sufficiency and equal emphasis on the transfer of food from external plans previously,and has developed into a form of comprehensive market allocation and supplemented by milk and meat self-sufficiency.In the period of planned economy,the self-production ability of household food was the key to the formation of comprehensive differences in family food consumption.Since the reform and opening up,the comprehensive difference of household food consumption mainly depended on the habitations of residences(in or outside urbanized area),the family diet deciders(whether the person is Han),and the level of family income.【Conclusion】There are obvious nutritional and health problems in household food consumption,such as structural imbalance,uneven intake and high calories,which leads to an increasing incidence of obesity,diabetes,hypertension and heart disease.Therefore,it is necessary to carry out multi-level accurate guidance and intervention on the diet of residents in the northern border ethnic areas from the perspectives of food production capacity,logistics transportation and market accessibility,as well as dietary nutrition guidance.

关 键 词：食物消费 消费结构 消费差异 变迁 北方边疆民族地区 

分 类 号：F126.1[经济管理—世界经济]