脂质代谢紊乱与阿尔茨海默病研究进展  

Research Progress of Lipid Metabolism Disorders and Alzheimer's Disease

作　　者：赵耀 张宁[1] 刘奇[1] 梁越 雷露[1] 赵娴[1] ZHAO Yao;ZHANG Ning;LIU Qi;LIANG Yue;LEI Lu;ZHAO Xian(Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Xianyang 712046,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西中医药大学,陕西咸阳712046

出　　处：《辽宁中医药大学学报》2023年第10期48-52,共5页Journal of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(82205284);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2022JQ-890,2022JM-588)。

摘　　要：脂质在中枢神经系统(central nervous system,CNS)中含量仅次于脂肪组织,作为主要的大分子成分,其稳态的破坏是阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)发生的关键病理机制之一。与AD最密切相关的脂质主要包括胆固醇、脂肪酸、甘油磷脂、鞘脂、甘油酯。其可通过炎症反应、氧化应激、血脑屏障损坏、肠道微生物菌群紊乱、肠-脑轴改变、线粒体功能障碍和神经元信号通路损伤等途径,导致突触丢失并最终导致记忆障碍,进而对AD的发生、发展产生重要影响。通过调节脂质代谢可减少β-淀粉样蛋白(β-amyloid,Aβ)沉积、抑制神经炎症、调节氧化应激、减轻神经毒性、发挥神经保护作用等起到防治AD的作用。该文就脂质代谢在AD中的相关作用予以整理、综述,以期为进一步深入研究AD病理机制及开展后续临床防治提供参考和思路。The content of lipids in the central nervous system(CNS)is second only to adipose tissue.As the main macromolecular component,the destruction of lipid homeostasis is one of the key pathological mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease(AD).The lipids most closely related to AD mainly include cholesterol,fatty acids,glycerophospholipids,sphingolipids,and glycerides.It can lead to synaptic loss and eventually memory impairment through inflammatory response,oxidative stress,damage to the blood-brain barrier,intestinal microbiota disorder,changes in the gut-brain axis,mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal signaling pathway damage,which has an important impact on the occurrence and development of AD.By regulating lipid metabolism,it can reduceβ-amyloid(Aβ)deposition,inhibit neuroinflammation,regulate oxidative stress,reduce neurotoxicity,and play a neuroprotective role in the prevention and treatment of AD.This article reviews the related role of lipid metabolism in AD,in order to provide reference and ideas for further research on the pathological mechanism of AD and subsequent clinical prevention and treatment.

关 键 词：脂质代谢 阿尔茨海默病 发病机制 研究进展 

分 类 号：R246.6[医药卫生—针灸推拿学] R589.2[医药卫生—中医临床基础] R741[医药卫生—中医学]