山苍子精油提取工艺优化及抑菌活性  

Study on process optimization and antibacterial activity of Litsea cubeba essential oil

作　　者：伍楷文 阮学瑞 孙玮玮 贝加炎 潘镇泽 徐会有[1] 倪林[1] WU Kaiwen;RUAN Xuerui;SUN Weiwei;BEI Jiayan;PAN Zhenze;XU Huiyou;NI Lin(College of Plant Protection,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou,Fujian 350002,China;Ningde Forestry Research and Technology Extension Center,Ningde,Fujian 352100,China;Fujian Pingnan Gufeng State-owned Forest Farm,Ningde,Fujian 352399,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学植物保护学院,福建福州350002 [2]宁德市林业科研与技术推广中心,福建宁德352100 [3]福建省屏南古峰国有林场,福建宁德352399

出　　处：《福建农业学报》2023年第8期966-975,共10页Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中央财政林业科技推广项目(闽〔2022〕TG09号)。

摘　　要：【目的】优化山苍子精油提取工艺,探究精油抑菌活性,为山苍子精油的加工及应用提供参考数据。【方法】通过响应面法优化山苍子精油提取过程中NaCl体积分数、液料比、蒸馏时间的工艺条件。采用生长速率法探究山苍子精油对瓜果腐霉菌的抑制作用,通过测定精油对菌丝干重、丙二醛含量、还原糖含量、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶等保护酶活性的影响,探讨了其抑制植物病原真菌的生理生化作用。【结果】确定了最佳工艺条件:NaCl体积分数为2.39%,液料比[V(mL)∶m(g)]为4.8∶1,蒸馏时间4.94 h。在该条件下,精油得率可达4.43%。山苍子精油对瓜果腐霉具有较好抑制效果,EC_(50)值为224.4μg·mL^(−1)。瓜果腐霉菌经山苍子精油处理后,菌丝干重减少,细胞膜通透性增加,菌体内还原糖含量减少,保护酶含量增多。【结论】经响应面优化后的工艺稳定可行,与其他的各类提取方法相比成本低消耗低与得率高。山苍子精油可以通过抑制菌丝生长、破坏细胞膜结构以及降低菌丝体保护酶活性等发挥抑菌活性。【Objective】This study aimed to optimize the extraction process of Litsea cubeba essential oil and investigate its antibacterial activity and mechanism of action against plant pathogenic fungi.【Methods】Response surface methodology was employed to optimize the extraction conditions of Litsea cubeba essential oil,including NaCl volume fraction,liquid-solid ratio,and distillation time.The inhibitory effect of Litsea cubeba essential oil on Pythium aphanidermatum was evaluated by the growth rate method,while its physiological and biochemical effects were assessed by measuring fungal mycelium dry weight,MDA content,reducing sugar content,and protective enzyme activities such as catalase,peroxidase,and superoxide dismutase.【Results】The optimal extraction conditions for Litsea cubeba essential oil were determined as NaCl volume fraction of 2.39%,liquid-solid ratio of 4.8:1(mL·g^(−1)),and distillation time of 4.94 hours,resulting in an extraction yield of 4.43%.Litsea cubeba essential oil exhibited a potent inhibitory effect on Pythium aphanidermatum,with an EC_(50) value of 224.4μg·mL−1.Treatment with Litsea cubeba essential oil reduced fungal mycelium dry weight,increased cell membrane permeability,decreased reducing sugar content in the fungal body,and increased protective enzyme activities.【Conclusion】The optimized extraction process was stable,feasible,and cost-effective compared to other methods.Litsea cubeba essential oil exerted antibacterial activity by inhibiting mycelial growth,disrupting cell membrane structure,and decreasing protective enzyme activities in the mycelia.

关 键 词：山苍子 抑菌活性 EC50 生理生化 瓜果腐霉 响应面 

分 类 号：R284[医药卫生—中药学]