人体肠道病毒组的研究进展  

Advances in research on the human gut virome

作　　者：王广洋 鄢秋龙[2] 孙云亮 WANG Guangyang;YAN Qiulong;SUN Yunliang(Department of Pathology,Dalian Municipal Central Hospital,Dalian,Liaoning 116089,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]大连市中心医院病理科,辽宁大连116089 [2]大连医科大学生物化学与分子生物学教研室

出　　处：《中国微生态学杂志》2023年第9期1097-1102,共6页Chinese Journal of Microecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81902037,82370563);大连科技创新基金项目(2020JJ27SN069)。

摘　　要：人体肠道微生物包括细菌、真菌、古细菌和病毒等,肠道病毒组的基因组约占肠道微生物总DNA的5.8%,病毒的数量在所有肠道微生物中排名第二,且多样性高。受高比例细菌基因组的影响,很难直接从宏基因组数据中深入分析肠道病毒组。随着病毒样颗粒(VLPs)富集技术的出现以及高通量测序技术的迅速发展,近年来对肠道病毒组的研究越来越多。基于VLPs,发现真核病毒、植物相关病毒和噬菌体是肠道病毒组的主要组成部分,而且未知病毒序列占比高达81%~93%。现阶段病毒组富集扩增方法主要有超速离心、单引物扩增和多重置换扩增等。疾病特异性研究表明,炎症性肠病、酒精性肝病和2型糖尿病等与饮食及肠道病毒组改变相关。本综述回顾了近十年对人类肠道病毒组的研究,总结归纳了目前肠道病毒组的构成、研究方法及与人体健康的相关性,探讨了未来肠道病毒组的研究方向,力求为后续的研究提供新思路。The human gut microbes include bacteria,fungi,archaea,and viruses,etc.The total genome amounts of gut virome with a high degree of diversity account for about 5.8%of all gut microbial nucleic acid and ranked second among all gut microbes.Due to the high percentage of bacterial genome contamination,it is difficult to analyze the gut virome from metagenomic data in-depth.With the emergence of virus-like particles(VLPs)enrichment technology and the rapid development of next-generation sequencing technology,research focused on the gut virome has been increasing recently.Based on VLPs method,eukaryotic viruses,plant-associated viruses,and bacteriophage were found to be the prominent components of the gut virome,yet 81%to 93%among them were unknown viral sequencings.Currently,the enrichment and amplification methods mainly included ultracentrifugation,single-primer amplification,and multiple displacement amplification,etc.Disease-specific studies have shown that health problems,such as inflammatory bowel disease,alcoholic hepatitis,type 2 diabetes,and diet were related to the variation of the gut virome.Herein,we reviewed the research on human gut virome in the past ten years.The composition of the gut virome and research methods and their relevance to human health were summarized,and the future directions of research on gut virome were discussed.Our efforts provided new sights for subsequent research.

关 键 词：肠道病毒组 病毒样颗粒 噬菌体 病毒组富集 

分 类 号：Q939.47[生物学—微生物学]