超低温摩擦学研究进展  

Research Progress of Cryogenic Tribology

作　　者：朱永琪 李红轩[1,2] 吉利 刘晓红[1] 周惠娣 陈建敏[1,2] ZHU Yongqi;LI Hongxuan;JI Li;LIU Xiaohong;ZHOU Huidi;CHEN Jianmin(Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials,Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Gansu Lanzhou 730000,China;Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所固体润滑国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院大学材料与光电技术学院,北京100049

出　　处：《摩擦学学报》2023年第9期1083-1098,共16页Tribology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51775537);中国科学院青年创新促进会(Y202084)资助。

摘　　要：近年来,随着深空探测、超导和量子计算等技术的发展,越来越多的装备需要在极端低温工况下服役,超低温引起的润滑问题日益显现.目前超低温摩擦学研究相对较少,主要集中在材料摩擦学性能的变化研究方面,对其背后作用机制的研究并不深入.超低温下大多数固体润滑材料的耐磨性能变差,难以满足长时间服役需求;材料的摩擦学行为受环境、制备方法以及材料种类等众多因素影响,摩擦学性能变化趋势和程度有所不同,难以形成统一的认识.本文作者从超低温对材料原子和电子运动抑制作用的本质出发,归纳分析了超低温对润滑材料摩擦学性能的影响机制,从超低温引起力学性能变化、摩擦界面间的化学反应活性变化、相结构及界面结构变化以及电子-声子耦合等微观能量耗散形式等4个方面的影响机制进行了介绍,并对未来超低温摩擦学的发展方向和亟需解决的问题进行了展望.Recently,with the development of deep space exploration,superconductivity,quantum computing,and other technologies,there is more and more equipment that needs to be in service under extremely low temperature conditions,and the lubrication problems caused by cryogenic temperature are increasingly apparent.The research of cryogenic tribology mainly relies on the development of space technology in America,the Soviet Union,Europe and other countries in the last century,in the actual research,people are seemly to evaluate its cryogenic tribological performance from the material point of view.We review the existing material systems ranging from polymer composites,metal materials,bonded solid coatings,and vacuum sputtering lubricating films,and find there are relatively few studies on cryogenic tribology,mainly focusing on the study of changes in the tribological properties of materials,which results in a lack of in-depth research into the mechanisms of scientific action.The wear resistance of most solid lubricant materials becomes poor at cryogenic temperature,making it difficult to meet the demand for long service.The tribological behavior of materials is affected not only by the temperature but also by the type and state of the cryogenic medium,thus showing different trends.From a material point of view,differences in the type of material and the methods it is prepared also lead to different variations in tribological properties at cryogenic temperatures,thus having various effects on the tribological performance.In general,this influence process is very complex,resulting in a lack of in-depth and integrated understanding of the tribological mechanism of cryogenic tribology.The motion of atoms and electrons is inhibited,which leads to changes in thetribological properties of materials at cryogenic temperature.The slowing down of atomic thermal motion leads to changes in the interatomic distance of the material,which affects the mechanical properties of the material.The changes in mechanical properties affect the defo

关 键 词：超低温 固体润滑 摩擦学性能 影响机制 

分 类 号：TH117.1[机械工程—机械设计及理论]