大理“风花雪月”意象的形成及嬗变  

Evolution of the Images of Wind,Flower,Snow and Moon of Dal

作　　者：熊娟 XIONG Juan(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming,Yunnan Province 650500)

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学文学院,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《楚雄师范学院学报》2023年第5期72-78,共7页Journal of Chuxiong Normal University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“白族美学思想研究”(16CZX067)。

摘　　要：大理“风花雪月”是组合苍山洱海间的四大景观形成的一个特有意象。该意象最早出现在明初大理隐士杨黼的诗作中,象征着负山面海,龙关扼塞的大理国及其政权,蕴含了元末明初白族社会剧变时遗民们悲伤忧郁的情感和心理。该意象组合在明清朝两个方向演变,一是在白族民间产生了普通民众家喻户晓的风、花、雪、月传说,蕴藏了民众苦难而悲壮的生存;一是地方文人精英在汉诗比兴传统下对“风花雪月”初始意蕴进行了审美解构,成为作者托物言志或索物托情之“物”。进入现代社会,现代人内心世界和外在世界的分裂产生了“审美需要”,艺术家、传播者和现代商业运用艺术和技术制造一个个“审美幻象”将这种分裂予以暂时“缝合”。大理也由此逐渐在现代旅游业和消费意识形态的诗意建构下,被塑造为现代人逃离喧嚣都市的心灵栖居之所。“风花雪月”在大理的诗意建构中作为一个符号和噱头,成为受众精神疗愈的“审美幻象”。The image quartet–wind,flower,snow and moon–representing four specific scenes between the Cangshan Mountain and the Erhai Lake is a symbol unique to Dali.First appearing in poems of Yang Fu,a hermit of early Ming Dynasty(1368-1644),these images were used to symbolize the Dali Kingdom(937-1094.1096-1254)that was defended by natural screens–the Cangshan Mountain on one side and the Erhai Lake on the other.In these images the distress and melancholy of the Bai people of Dali between dynasties were shown.This image quartet evolved in two directions in the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty(1644-1911),one being the well-known folk tales about the four images depict‐ing the survival of the common people in distressed solemnity,and the other being the aesthetic decon‐struction of them by both the Han and Bai intellectuals using the Han poetic techniques of inspiration and imitation to express intangible emotions of the authors through tangible objects.In modern society,“aes‐thetic need”emerged as a result of the split between the inner and outer worlds of modern people.Artists,writers,media and modern commerce,therefore,applied artistic techniques and technology to produce one after another“aesthetic illusions”to temporarily“sew up”such split.Dali is consequently subject to poetic construction for purposes of modern tourism and consumer ideology to represent it as the home for souls longing for seclusion from the madding urban world.This image quartet of wind,flower,snow and moon,or arguably an aesthetic illusion,eventually becomes a symbol and gimmick in the poetic con‐struction of Dali to serve the audience as a form of spiritual treatment.

关 键 词：大理 风花雪月 意象 审美幻象 

分 类 号：K297.42[历史地理—历史学]