四轮驱动拖拉机牵引性能预测模型建立与试验  

Prediction Model and Experiment on Tractive Performanceof Four - wheel Drive Tractor

作　　者：赵静慧 刘孟楠 徐立友 于硕[2,3] 谢普康 ZHAO Jinghui;LIU Mengnan;XU Liyou;YU Shuo;XIE Pukang(College of Vehicle and Traffic Engineering,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471003,China;Luoyang Tractor Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Luoyang 471003,China;State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Power Equipment,Luoyang 471039,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学车辆与交通工程学院,洛阳471003 [2]洛阳拖拉机研究所有限公司,洛阳471003 [3]智能农业动力装备全国重点实验室,洛阳471039

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2023年第9期439-447,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2001204);国家农业重大科技项目(NK202216010401);河南省重大科技专项(221100110800);中国机械工业集团有限公司青年科技基金项目(QNJJ-PY-2022-14)。

摘　　要：针对现有拖拉机牵引性能预测模型未包含前后轮附着差异、载荷转移和前后桥运动不协调等因素对滑转效率和滚动阻力的影响,导致四轮驱动拖拉机的田间牵引性能预测精度较低。为此本文从拖拉机轮胎的驱动特性和载荷特性入手,通过引入轮胎指数、机动指数等特征参数,分别建立了土壤-轮胎驱动模型与包含轴荷转移的前后轮胎载荷模型;在牵引受力分析的基础上,考虑实际前后桥运动不协调性对总体底盘作业的影响,分别建立了整机滚动效率与滑转效率的预测模型,导出了包含轮胎规格、土壤特性、整机前后桥运动不协调特性、传动效率的四轮驱动拖拉机牵引性能预测模型。针对模型多变量、非线性产生的求解难题,基于双维度迭代法设计了预测算法与流程;采用研究的方法开展了实例分析应用;针对预测模型的有效性验证需求,设计并开展了实车田间牵引试验,结果表明:最大牵引力与特征滑转率对应的牵引力的仿真值误差分别为1.41%与1.74%,滚动阻力误差为0.64%,较对照组准确度提升较大,总体误差较小。The existing tractor traction performance prediction model does not include the influence of front and rear wheel different performance,load transfer and uncoordinated front and rear axle movements on the travel reduction ratio and motion resistance ratio,resulting in the low accuracy of field traction performance prediction for four-wheel drive tractors.Starting from the driving characteristics and load characteristics of agricultural tires,and soil-tire driving model and front and rear tire load model were established,including axle load transfer respectively by introducing wheel numeric and mobility number;on the basis of traction force analysis,the prediction models of travel reduction ratio and motion resistance ratio for the whole machine were established respectively considering the influence of actual front and rear axle motion uncoordination on the overall chassis operation.The traction performance prediction model for four-wheel drive tractor containing tire specifications,soil characteristics,uncoordinated front and rear axle motion characteristics of the whole machine,and transmission efficiency was derived.The prediction algorithm and process were designed based on the two-dimensional iterative method to solve the problem arising from the multivariate and nonlinearity of the model;an example analysis and application were carried out by using the research method;a field traction test was designed and carried out to verify the validity of the prediction model,and the results showed that the errors of the simulated values in the maximum traction force and the traction force corresponding to the characteristic slip rate were 1.41%and 1.74%,respectively,and the error in rolling resistance was 0.64%,which was a large improvement in accuracy over the control group and a small overall error.

关 键 词：拖拉机 四轮驱动 牵引性能 预测模型 试验 

分 类 号：S129.4[农业科学—农业基础科学]