公私部门间人力资本配置与创新增长——基于公共部门生产性质的视角  

Human Capital Allocation and Innovation Growth Between the Public and Private Sectors——A Perspective Based on the Nature of Public Sector Production

作　　者：孙璋 SUN Zhang(Center for Economic Research,Shandong University 250100)

机构地区：[1]山东大学经济研究院,山东省济南市250100

出　　处：《制度经济学研究》2023年第2期165-194,共30页Research on Institutional Economics

摘　　要：人才作为科技创新生产的第一要素,其在公共部门与私人部门间的配置关系着创新增长。基于此,本文将公共部门分为非生产性公共部门(政府部门)与为私人部门研发活动提供产品和服务的生产性公共部门,研究人力资本在政府部门与生产性公共部门、私人部门间的配置与创新增长的关系。通过构建三部门内生增长模型及利用2004~2019年省级面板数据实证分析,发现:作为非生产性的政府部门配置冗余的人力资本会抑制地区创新增长,而生产性公共部门与私人部门间人力资本配置与创新增长的关系呈现非线性的倒U型,即当生产性公共部门的人力资本处于相对低点时,增加生产性公共部门的人力资本能够促进创新增长,相反如果私人部门的人力资本相对较少,此时再增加生产性公共部门的人力资本将会降低创新增长。且证实目前生产性公共部门相对人力资本尚未配置过度,处于倒U型曲线拐点的左侧。另外,技术要素市场化程度对倒U型关系具有显著调节效应,高程度的技术要素市场化使得倒U型曲线更平缓,且能弥补政府部门人力资本对创新增长的负面作用。此外,高对外开放地区生产性公共部门与私人部门间人力资本配置与创新增长的关系仍是倒U型,但在对外开放程度低地区增加生产性公共部门相对人力资本配置能够促进创新增长;知识产权制度建设强的地区能够弱化政府部门人力资本对创新的不利影响,且生产性公共部门相对私人部门人力资本对创新增长的影响也是与基准回归一致的倒U型关系,但是上述关系在弱知识产权保护地区不显著。本研究为解决目前创新动力不足尤其是中国的创新驱动政策提供了经验分析及技术创新思路。As the first factor of science and technology innovation production,the allocation of human capital between the public and private sectors is related to inno-vation growth.Based on this,this paper divides the public sector into non-produc-tive public sectors(government departments)and productive public sectors that provide products and services for private sector R&D activities.And the paper stud-ies the relationship between the allocation of human capital between government de-partments and productive public sectors,and between the private sector and the growth of innovation.Through constructing a three-sector endogenous growth model and empirical analysis using provincial panel data from 2004-2019,it is found that the allocation of redundant human capital in the government sector as non-pro-ductive suppresses regional innovation growth,while the relationship between the allocation of human capital and innovation growth between the productive public sec-tor and the private sector presents a non-linear inverted U-shape.When the human capital of the productive public sector is at a relatively low point,increasing the hu-man capital of the productive sector can promote the growth of innovation.Conversely if the private sector has relatively lttle human capital,adding more human capital to the productive public sector will reduce innovation growth.And it is also con-firmed that the relative human capital of the productive public sector has not been over-allocated,and it is on the left side of the inflection point of the inverted U-shaped curve.In addition,the degree of technology factor marketization has a sig-nificant moderating effect on the inverted U-shaped relationship.And a high degree of technology factor marketization makes the inverted U-shaped curve flatter.It also compensates for the negative effect of human capital in the government sector on in-novation growth.In addition,the relationship between human capital allocation and innovation growth between he productive public sector and the private sector in

关 键 词：公共部门 私人部门 人力资本配置 创新增长 倒U型 

分 类 号：F240[经济管理—劳动经济] F241[经济管理—国民经济]