世界知识和词汇关联在10~12岁儿童句子加工中的作用:眼动研究  

Effects of World Knowledge and Word Association During Chinese Sentence Processing among Children Aged 10~12:An Eye-Movement Study

作　　者：吴岩 陈启杨 胡诗茜 Wu Yan;Chen Qiyang;Hu Shiqian(School of Psychology,Northeast Normal university,Changchun,130024)

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学心理学院,吉林长春130024

出　　处：《心理科学》2023年第5期1074-1080,共7页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究项目(21YJCZH178);吉林省社会科学基金项目(2021B148)的资助。

摘　　要：采用眼动技术,本研究旨在探究世界知识和词汇关联在儿童句子加工中的作用及其作用时程。研究采用2×2×2混合实验设计,自变量分别为年龄(儿童vs.成人)、一致性(一致vs.违背)和关联性(关联vs.不关联)。其中一致性指句子的内容是否符合儿童关于世界的认知,关联性指词汇之间在概念表征上的语义关联。结果发现一致性和年龄不存在交互作用,儿童和成人都可以即时地提取读者关于世界的知识,并持续地影响当前的阅读理解,表现在不一致条件下关键词的首次注视时间、凝视时间、再次阅读时间以及总阅读时间均更长。词汇关联和年龄存在交互作用,但仅表现在凝视时间上,在成人中词汇关联主效应显著;在儿童中只有在不一致条件下词汇关联效应才显著。此结果说明世界知识所引发的一致性和词汇关联在句子加工中的作用时程不同,在儿童和成人中的表现也不同。The successful comprehension of sentences is a seemingly simple but complex process in which various types of information are needed.To quickly and proficiently get the information of each sentence,it is necessary to extract the information of each word in the sentence and use the different types of concepts stored in our memory.For skilled readers,both information can be extracted from the reader's memory and immediately impact the current sentence processing.However,how and when these different types of semantic information affect children's reading comprehension is still an open question.Therefore,the present study examined the effects of world knowledge,word association,and its time course in Chinese sentence reading comprehension among children aged 10~12,using eye-tracking measures.In the experiment,both adults(the control group)and children were asked to read the sentence with a target word congruent or incongruent with ones'world knowledge(e.g.,Mother stuck the stamp on the envelope/skirt.).Additionally,congruent and incongruent sentences were further divided into two levels,according to whether there was a semantic association between the target word(e.g.,envelope/skirt)and the word(e.g.,stamp)in preceding context.Both target words and the words associated with it were in the same sentence.Thus,there were four conditions by crossing congruency and word association,including associated-congruent,associated-incongruent,unassociated-congruent,and unassociated-incongruent conditions.In the experiment,participants were asked to read the sentences for comprehension,and there were some comprehension questions following some of materials,which could monitor whether children were reading for comprehension or browsing mindlessly.The second critical word in each experimental sentence was defined as the interest area.Linear Mixed Model(LMM)of R language was used to analyze each eye movement indicator.Results firstly revealed that all reading times(including first fixation duration,gaze,second reading time,and total

关 键 词：儿童 句子加工 一致性 词汇关联 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]