人际差序关系对智能机器道德决策期望的影响  

The Impact of Differential Interpersonal Relationships on People'Expectations for Moral Decision-Making of Intelligent Machines

作　　者：吴明证[1] 严梦瑶 林铭 熊天航 李阳 孙晓玲[4] Wu Mingzheng;Yan Mengyao;Lin Ming;Xiong Tianhang;Li Yang;Sun Xiaoling(Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,310058;College of Optical Science and Engineering,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,310007;Department of Philosophy,School of Humanities,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,310058;Department of Psychology,Hangzhou Normal University,Hangzhou,311121)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学心理与行为科学系,杭州310058 [2]浙江大学光电科学与工程学院,杭州310007 [3]浙江大学人文学院哲学系,杭州310058 [4]杭州师范大学心理系,杭州311121

出　　处：《心理科学》2023年第5期1204-1211,共8页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学规划基金项目(19YJA190007);安徽省社会科学创新发展研究课题攻关研究项目(2018CXF166);浙江省科技厅软科学研究计划项目(2020C35080)的资助。

摘　　要：本文聚焦于我国的差序格局文化,将人际差序关系引入道德机器研究,通过两项实验探讨了人际差序关系对智能机器道德决策期望的影响及其心理机制。研究1发现,智能机器与其决策所涉及对象之间的人际差序关系越近,人们越期望其做出偏私决策,对偏私行为的道德评价也更高;研究2发现,这一效应主要体现在分配性偏私情境中,并且人们对智能机器的感受性感知在其间发挥着中介作用。Considering the superior intelligence and autonomy of machines,it is about to be a reality that intelligent machines can independently complete decision-making tasks.How to ensure that the decisions made by intelligent machines conform to ethical norms has become the focus of domestic and foreign researchers.At present,most studies were carried out under the background of western culture,debating whether intelligent machines should adopt utilitarianism or deontology in moral dilemmas.This paper explores participants’expectations and evaluations of moral decision-making of intelligent machines under the background of the Differential Mode of Association,a typical phenomenon in the Chinese ethical system.2 studies were conducted to test whether differential interpersonal relationships would influence participants’decision-making expectations for intelligent machines in moral dilemmas and the mediator role of mind perception.In Study1,185 participants were recruited to read an adapted trolley dilemma,in which an autonomous vehicle(AV)carrying five passengers was running into a landslide.It had to choose between going straight to hurt five passengers to save one stranger standing at the other side and swerving instead to the other side to hurt the stranger with an aim of saving its passengers.As the manipulation of differential interpersonal relationships,in conditions 1 and 2,one of the five was the AV’s owner,a friend of the AV’s owner respectively,and in condition 3,all of the five were strangers.Next,we measured participants’expectations for the AV’s moral decision-making and their moral evaluations when the AV chose to save its passengers including its owner or owner’s friend.In Study 2,to test the robustness of the impact of differential interpersonal relationships on moral evaluations of the favoritism behavior of intelligent machines and mechanism between them,188 participants were asked to consider moral decisionmaking situations that were more realistic.According to the nature of behavior,thes

关 键 词：智能机器 人际差序关系 道德决策 心智感知 

分 类 号：B82-057[哲学宗教—伦理学]